Question 1

Secondary pulmonary hypertension is usually caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic pulmonary disease. 
B)  right heart failure. 
C)  hereditary traits. 
D)  orthostatic hypotension. 
A)  chronic pulmonary disease. 
B)  right heart failure. 
C)  hereditary traits. 
D)  orthostatic hypotension.

Question 2

A 70-year-old female is in the hospital for pelvic fracture. She develops pulmonary thromboembolism. This condition is the result of occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fat. 
B)  air. 
C)  tissue fragment. 
D)  blood clot. 
A)  fat. 
B)  air. 
C)  tissue fragment. 
D)  blood clot.

Question 3

A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Hypoventilation 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Cyanosis 
A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Hypoventilation 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Cyanosis

Question 4

An 80-year-old female is in the hospital for bone fracture. While there she develops a large, nonlethal pulmonary embolus. Which of the following is a direct result of the obstruction to blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary hypertension 
B)  Systemic hypertension 
C)  Pulmonary edema 
D)  Risk of cerebral emboli 
A)  Pulmonary hypertension 
B)  Systemic hypertension 
C)  Pulmonary edema 
D)  Risk of cerebral emboli

Question 5

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis. Which of the following is expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased residual volume 
B)  Increased tidal volume 
C)  Decreased respiratory rate 
D)  Decreased functional residual capacity 
A)  Increased residual volume 
B)  Increased tidal volume 
C)  Decreased respiratory rate 
D)  Decreased functional residual capacity

Question 6

Asthma is classified by:

Accepted Answer

A)  pathophysiologic differences. 
B)  clinical severity. 
C)  genetic traits. 
D)  treatment outcomes. 
A)  pathophysiologic differences. 
B)  clinical severity. 
C)  genetic traits. 
D)  treatment outcomes.

Question 7

A 50-year-old diabetic male did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations that can be characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  audible wheezing or stridor. 
B)  a slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause. 
C)  rapid respirations with periods of apnea. 
D)  very slow inhalations and rapid expirations. 
A)  audible wheezing or stridor. 
B)  a slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause. 
C)  rapid respirations with periods of apnea. 
D)  very slow inhalations and rapid expirations.

Question 8

A 26-year-old female recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal that she has a collapsed lung caused by removal of air from obstructed alveoli. This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  compression atelectasis. 
B)  bronchiectasis. 
C)  absorption atelectasis. 
D)  hypoventilation. 
A)  compression atelectasis. 
B)  bronchiectasis. 
C)  absorption atelectasis. 
D)  hypoventilation.

Question 9

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a rise in pulmonary artery pressure of _____ mm Hg above normal.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 10 
B)  10 to 15 
C)  15 to 20 
D)  20 to 25 
A)  5 to 10 
B)  10 to 15 
C)  15 to 20 
D)  20 to 25

Question 10

A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. She is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  restrictive 
B)  obstructive 
C)  atelectic 
D)  pleuritic 
A)  restrictive 
B)  obstructive 
C)  atelectic 
D)  pleuritic

Question 11

A 22-year-old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  thick mucus from hypertrophied glands. 
B)  ventilation-perfusion mismatch. 
C)  hyperventilation. 
D)  thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles. 
A)  thick mucus from hypertrophied glands. 
B)  ventilation-perfusion mismatch. 
C)  hyperventilation. 
D)  thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles.

Question 12

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. His airways are obstructed because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive mucus production. 
B)  loss of elastic recoil. 
C)  infection and inflammation. 
D)  airway edema. 
A)  excessive mucus production. 
B)  loss of elastic recoil. 
C)  infection and inflammation. 
D)  airway edema.

Question 13

A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left heart failure 
B)  Pulmonary embolus 
C)  Immunosuppression 
D)  Recurrent pulmonary infections 
A)  Left heart failure 
B)  Pulmonary embolus 
C)  Immunosuppression 
D)  Recurrent pulmonary infections

Question 14

A 47-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary edema. Which of the following would be expected with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thick mucous secretions 
B)  Pink, frothy sputum 
C)  Hypocapnia 
D)  Wheezing 
A)  Thick mucous secretions 
B)  Pink, frothy sputum 
C)  Hypocapnia 
D)  Wheezing

Exam 26: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Secondary pulmonary hypertension is usually caused by:

A 70-year-old female is in the hospital for pelvic fracture. She develops pulmonary thromboembolism. This condition is the result of occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus of:

A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

An 80-year-old female is in the hospital for bone fracture. While there she develops a large, nonlethal pulmonary embolus. Which of the following is a direct result of the obstruction to blood flow?

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis. Which of the following is expected?

Asthma is classified by:

A 50-year-old diabetic male did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations that can be characterized by:

A 26-year-old female recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal that she has a collapsed lung caused by removal of air from obstructed alveoli. This condition is called:

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a rise in pulmonary artery pressure of _____ mm Hg above normal.

A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. She is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease.

A 22-year-old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by:

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. His airways are obstructed because of:

A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern in this patient?

A 47-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary edema. Which of the following would be expected with this condition?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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