Question 1

What role do the kidneys play in vitamin D function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthesizing vitamin D from cholesterol 
B)  Activating intestinally absorbed vitamin D 
C)  Metabolizing and breaking down vitamin D 
D)  Excreting excess vitamin D 
A)  Synthesizing vitamin D from cholesterol 
B)  Activating intestinally absorbed vitamin D 
C)  Metabolizing and breaking down vitamin D 
D)  Excreting excess vitamin D

Question 2

The transport maximum for glucose refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  maximum rate of glucose filtration. 
B)  glucose reabsorption that is limited by the number of carrier molecules. 
C)  small amounts of glucose found in the urine of most individuals. 
D)  ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose. 
A)  maximum rate of glucose filtration. 
B)  glucose reabsorption that is limited by the number of carrier molecules. 
C)  small amounts of glucose found in the urine of most individuals. 
D)  ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose.

Question 3

The sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus are called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  podocytes. 
B)  macula densa. 
C)  mesangial cells. 
D)  loop of Henle. 
A)  podocytes. 
B)  macula densa. 
C)  mesangial cells. 
D)  loop of Henle.

Question 4

A kidney has a glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure of 50 mm Hg, a Bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg, and a glomerular capillary oncotic pressure of 12 mm Hg. What is the net filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  23 mm Hg 
B)  27 mm Hg 
C)  35 mm Hg 
D)  38 mm Hg 
A)  23 mm Hg 
B)  27 mm Hg 
C)  35 mm Hg 
D)  38 mm Hg

Question 5

Plasma proteins are not commonly found in the urine because:

Accepted Answer

A)  all proteins filtered are subsequently reabsorbed. 
B)  all of the plasma proteins are too large to fit through the filtration slits. 
C)  all proteins filtered are subsequently degraded before elimination. 
D)  the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins. 
A)  all proteins filtered are subsequently reabsorbed. 
B)  all of the plasma proteins are too large to fit through the filtration slits. 
C)  all proteins filtered are subsequently degraded before elimination. 
D)  the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.

Question 6

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypokalemia 
B)  Hyponatremia 
C)  Increased uric acid secretion 
D)  Hypernatremia 
A)  Hypokalemia 
B)  Hyponatremia 
C)  Increased uric acid secretion 
D)  Hypernatremia

Question 7

Together, the glomerulus and Bowman capsule are referred to as the renal:

Accepted Answer

A)  corpuscle. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  pyramid. 
A)  corpuscle. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  pyramid.

Question 8

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  calyx. 
B)  nephron. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  pyramid. 
A)  calyx. 
B)  nephron. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  pyramid.

Question 9

Which of the following structures supplies blood to the medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal arteries 
B)  Arcuate arteries 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Vasa recta 
A)  Renal arteries 
B)  Arcuate arteries 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Vasa recta

Question 10

The renal structure that drains directly into the minor calyces is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  distal tubule. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  pyramid. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
A)  distal tubule. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  pyramid. 
D)  renal pelvis.

Question 11

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  elevated sodium concentrations. 
C)  decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles. 
D)  renal hypoxia. 
A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  elevated sodium concentrations. 
C)  decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles. 
D)  renal hypoxia.

Question 12

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  pyramids. 
D)  columns. 
A)  medulla. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  pyramids. 
D)  columns.

Exam 28: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

What role do the kidneys play in vitamin D function?

The transport maximum for glucose refers to the:

The sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus are called the:

A kidney has a glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure of 50 mm Hg, a Bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg, and a glomerular capillary oncotic pressure of 12 mm Hg. What is the net filtration pressure?

Plasma proteins are not commonly found in the urine because:

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?

Together, the glomerulus and Bowman capsule are referred to as the renal:

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

Which of the following structures supplies blood to the medulla?

The renal structure that drains directly into the minor calyces is the:

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is the:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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