Question 1

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure. Which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated plasma creatinine level 
B)  Decreased plasma potassium level 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Increased urea clearance 
A)  Elevated plasma creatinine level 
B)  Decreased plasma potassium level 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Increased urea clearance

Question 2

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria. 
B)  antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage. 
C)  inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells. 
D)  accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. 
A)  swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria. 
B)  antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage. 
C)  inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells. 
D)  accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies.

Question 3

A 45-year-old male presents with oliguria. He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. Oliguria is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow. 
B)  increased glomerular capillary oncotic pressure and tubular obstruction. 
C)  activation of renin-angiotensin from decreased blood volume. 
D)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles. 
A)  thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow. 
B)  increased glomerular capillary oncotic pressure and tubular obstruction. 
C)  activation of renin-angiotensin from decreased blood volume. 
D)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles.

Question 4

Pruritus, seen in patients with end-stage renal disease, is caused by high levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  magnesium. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  magnesium.

Question 5

A 75-year-old male complains to his physician of loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urge incontinence 
B)  Stress incontinence 
C)  Overflow incontinence 
D)  Functional incontinence 
A)  Urge incontinence 
B)  Stress incontinence 
C)  Overflow incontinence 
D)  Functional incontinence

Question 6

A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha 1-blocker 
B)  Beta 1-blocker 
C)  Acetylcholine blocker 
D)  Alpha 2-blocker 
A)  Alpha 1-blocker 
B)  Beta 1-blocker 
C)  Acetylcholine blocker 
D)  Alpha 2-blocker

Question 7

A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anuria 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Pyuria 
D)  Flank pain 
A)  Anuria 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Pyuria 
D)  Flank pain

Question 8

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hematuria 
B)  Dysuria 
C)  Oliguria 
D)  Proteinuria 
A)  Hematuria 
B)  Dysuria 
C)  Oliguria 
D)  Proteinuria

Question 9

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cystitis. 
B)  chronic pyelonephritis. 
C)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
D)  nephrotic syndrome. 
A)  cystitis. 
B)  chronic pyelonephritis. 
C)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
D)  nephrotic syndrome.

Question 10

A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of the following types of renal failure is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prerenal 
B)  Intrarenal 
C)  Extrarenal 
D)  Postrenal 
A)  Prerenal 
B)  Intrarenal 
C)  Extrarenal 
D)  Postrenal

Exam 29: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure. Which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:

A 45-year-old male presents with oliguria. He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. Oliguria is related to:

Pruritus, seen in patients with end-stage renal disease, is caused by high levels of:

A 75-year-old male complains to his physician of loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial treatment?

A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis is:

A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of the following types of renal failure is most likely to occur?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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