Question 1

A 7-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following results from this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sunken fontanelles 
B)  Vesicular skin rash 
C)  Frothy urine 
D)  Jaundice 
A)  Sunken fontanelles 
B)  Vesicular skin rash 
C)  Frothy urine 
D)  Jaundice C

Question 2

A 20-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystic disease of the liver 
B)  Aniridia (lack of an iris in the eye) 
C)  Anemia 
D)  Hypothyroidism 
A)  Cystic disease of the liver 
B)  Aniridia (lack of an iris in the eye) 
C)  Anemia 
D)  Hypothyroidism B

Question 3

A 7-year-old male presents to his physician for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nocturnal enuresis 
B)  Diurnal enuresis 
C)  Primary enuresis 
D)  Secondary enuresis 
A)  Nocturnal enuresis 
B)  Diurnal enuresis 
C)  Primary enuresis 
D)  Secondary enuresis C

Question 4

A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 
B)  Immunoglobulin A nephropathy 
C)  Nephrotic syndrome 
D)  Potter syndrome 
A)  Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 
B)  Immunoglobulin A nephropathy 
C)  Nephrotic syndrome 
D)  Potter syndrome

Question 5

A 6-year-old male is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. He was diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. This condition would be graded:

Accepted Answer

A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  IV. 
A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  IV.

Question 6

Urinary tract infections are uncommon in newborns, and when they do occur, they are usually:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood-borne infections. 
B)  caused by bacteria from the GI tract. 
C)  yeast infections. 
D)  viral infections. 
A)  blood-borne infections. 
B)  caused by bacteria from the GI tract. 
C)  yeast infections. 
D)  viral infections.

Question 7

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries. He would most likely have recurrent:

Accepted Answer

A)  infections. 
B)  hematuria. 
C)  vomiting. 
D)  enuresis. 
A)  infections. 
B)  hematuria. 
C)  vomiting. 
D)  enuresis.

Question 8

A 3-year-old female presents with recurrent urinary tract infections, fever, poor growth and development, and feeding problems. Tests reveal a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters. This condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  vesicoureteral reflux. 
B)  vesicourethral reflux. 
C)  vesicourethral influx. 
D)  hydronephrosis. 
A)  vesicoureteral reflux. 
B)  vesicourethral reflux. 
C)  vesicourethral influx. 
D)  hydronephrosis.

Question 9

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following accompanies this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Decreased BUN 
C)  Hematuria 
D)  Sodium loss 
A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Decreased BUN 
C)  Hematuria 
D)  Sodium loss

Question 10

Wilms tumors are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  ureters. 
C)  bladder. 
D)  urethra. 
A)  kidneys. 
B)  ureters. 
C)  bladder. 
D)  urethra.

Question 11

Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypospadias. 
B)  epispadias. 
C)  hydroureter. 
D)  nidus. 
A)  hypospadias. 
B)  epispadias. 
C)  hydroureter. 
D)  nidus.

Question 12

Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:

Accepted Answer

A)  die within 1 year of birth. 
B)  can expect to have a normal, healthy life. 
C)  are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth. 
D)  have structural abnormalities that can be corrected with surgery. 
A)  die within 1 year of birth. 
B)  can expect to have a normal, healthy life. 
C)  are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth. 
D)  have structural abnormalities that can be corrected with surgery.

Question 13

An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine. His urethral opening is located behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior epispadias 
B)  Posterior epispadias 
C)  Extrophy of the bladder 
D)  Bladder outlet obstruction 
A)  Anterior epispadias 
B)  Posterior epispadias 
C)  Extrophy of the bladder 
D)  Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 14

A newborn female has chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys. This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  megacalycosis. 
B)  renal agenesis. 
C)  hypoplastic kidney. 
D)  renal aplasia. 
A)  megacalycosis. 
B)  renal agenesis. 
C)  hypoplastic kidney. 
D)  renal aplasia.

Question 15

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  GI tract. 
C)  pharynx. 
D)  ear. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  GI tract. 
C)  pharynx. 
D)  ear.

Question 16

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain 
B)  Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites 
C)  Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness 
D)  Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension 
A)  Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain 
B)  Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites 
C)  Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness 
D)  Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension

Question 17

A newborn male dies shortly after birth. Physical examination reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral renal agenesis. 
B)  bilateral renal agenesis. 
C)  renal aplasia. 
D)  renal dysplasia. 
A)  unilateral renal agenesis. 
B)  bilateral renal agenesis. 
C)  renal aplasia. 
D)  renal dysplasia.

Question 18

If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  idiopathic 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  idiopathic

Question 19

In children, the most common cause of acute renal failure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  infection. 
B)  obstruction. 
C)  nephrotic syndrome. 
D)  hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
A)  infection. 
B)  obstruction. 
C)  nephrotic syndrome. 
D)  hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Exam 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

A 7-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following results from this condition?

A 20-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?

A 7-year-old male presents to his physician for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 6-year-old male is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. He was diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. This condition would be graded:

Urinary tract infections are uncommon in newborns, and when they do occur, they are usually:

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries. He would most likely have recurrent:

A 3-year-old female presents with recurrent urinary tract infections, fever, poor growth and development, and feeding problems. Tests reveal a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters. This condition is known as:

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following accompanies this condition?

Wilms tumors are found in the:

Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. This condition is called:

Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:

An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine. His urethral opening is located behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A newborn female has chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys. This condition is called:

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the:

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?

A newborn male dies shortly after birth. Physical examination reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. The most likely diagnosis is:

If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

In children, the most common cause of acute renal failure is:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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