Question 1

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:

Accepted Answer

A)  children have lower adipose reserves. 
B)  fluid reserves are lower in children. 
C)  children have a lower metabolic rate. 
D)  children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy. 
A)  children have lower adipose reserves. 
B)  fluid reserves are lower in children. 
C)  children have a lower metabolic rate. 
D)  children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.

Question 2

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. If left untreated, the child may develop:

Accepted Answer

A)  splenomegaly. 
B)  protein malabsorption. 
C)  liver failure. 
D)  hepatic atrophy. 
A)  splenomegaly. 
B)  protein malabsorption. 
C)  liver failure. 
D)  hepatic atrophy.

Question 3

A 2-month-old female is brought to the ER for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration, and x-ray reveals that the colon is located in the upper right quadrant. The most likely cause of this condition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  malrotation. 
B)  ileocecal displacement. 
C)  duodenal obstruction. 
D)  colomyotomy. 
A)  malrotation. 
B)  ileocecal displacement. 
C)  duodenal obstruction. 
D)  colomyotomy.

Question 4

A newborn male begins vomiting a few hours after birth. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and grunting respirations. The next day he develops abdominal distention. The child should be screened for:

Accepted Answer

A)  muscular dystrophy. 
B)  cerebral palsy. 
C)  cystic fibrosis. 
D)  multiple sclerosis. 
A)  muscular dystrophy. 
B)  cerebral palsy. 
C)  cystic fibrosis. 
D)  multiple sclerosis.

Question 5

A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  infective enteropathy. 
B)  necrotizing enterocolitis. 
C)  mucoviscidosis. 
D)  ileus. 
A)  infective enteropathy. 
B)  necrotizing enterocolitis. 
C)  mucoviscidosis. 
D)  ileus.

Question 6

A 27-year-old male presents with fever, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does he most likely have?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 7

A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate. The pediatrician counsels the parents that if left uncorrected, the child will probably suffer from:

Accepted Answer

A)  tonsil atrophy. 
B)  recurrent pharyngeal infections. 
C)  difficulty breathing. 
D)  excessive dental decay. 
A)  tonsil atrophy. 
B)  recurrent pharyngeal infections. 
C)  difficulty breathing. 
D)  excessive dental decay.

Question 8

A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of "currant jelly" stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  prolapse. 
B)  introlapse. 
C)  intussusception. 
D)  imperforation. 
A)  prolapse. 
B)  introlapse. 
C)  intussusception. 
D)  imperforation.

Question 9

A 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus revealed incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. This child will be born with:

Accepted Answer

A)  cleft lip. 
B)  nasal passage atresia. 
C)  esophageal atresia. 
D)  lack of dentition. 
A)  cleft lip. 
B)  nasal passage atresia. 
C)  esophageal atresia. 
D)  lack of dentition.

Question 10

A 2-month-old female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is a malformation in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system. 
B)  parasympathetic nervous system. 
C)  sympathetic nervous system. 
D)  somatic nervous system. 
A)  central nervous system. 
B)  parasympathetic nervous system. 
C)  sympathetic nervous system. 
D)  somatic nervous system.

Question 11

The primary characteristic of Hirschsprung disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)  bowel dilation and fecal impaction. 
B)  pancreatic insufficiency. 
C)  hyperactive peristalsis. 
D)  ileal or jejunal atresia. 
A)  bowel dilation and fecal impaction. 
B)  pancreatic insufficiency. 
C)  hyperactive peristalsis. 
D)  ileal or jejunal atresia.

Exam 35: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. If left untreated, the child may develop:

A 2-month-old female is brought to the ER for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration, and x-ray reveals that the colon is located in the upper right quadrant. The most likely cause of this condition is:

A newborn male begins vomiting a few hours after birth. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and grunting respirations. The next day he develops abdominal distention. The child should be screened for:

A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as:

A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate. The pediatrician counsels the parents that if left uncorrected, the child will probably suffer from:

A 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus revealed incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. This child will be born with:

A 2-month-old female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is a malformation in the:

The primary characteristic of Hirschsprung disease is:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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