Question 1

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-major calyx

Accepted Answer

A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney 
A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney

Question 2

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

Accepted Answer

A)  more of the substance is reabsorbed. 
B)  more of the substance is actively secreted. 
C)  less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle. 
D)  the excess goes into the blood. 
E)  the excess remains in the urine. 
A)  more of the substance is reabsorbed. 
B)  more of the substance is actively secreted. 
C)  less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle. 
D)  the excess goes into the blood. 
E)  the excess remains in the urine.

Question 3

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)  stores urine until it is voided. 
B)  empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C)  contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D)  is superior to the kidney. 
E)  filters urine. 
A)  stores urine until it is voided. 
B)  empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C)  contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D)  is superior to the kidney. 
E)  filters urine.

Question 4

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular pressure 
B)  capsular pressure 
C)  colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  glomerular capillary pressure 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  tubular pressure 
B)  capsular pressure 
C)  colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  glomerular capillary pressure 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Accepted Answer

A)  filtrate volume increases. 
B)  filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C)  potassium is secreted from the cells. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E)  the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water. 
A)  filtrate volume increases. 
B)  filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C)  potassium is secreted from the cells. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E)  the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.

Question 6

Choose the term that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  macula densa 
C)  juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  afferent arteriole 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  macula densa 
C)  juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  afferent arteriole

Question 7

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A)  45 liters 
B)  90 liters 
C)  125 liters 
D)  180 liters 
E)  200 liters 
A)  45 liters 
B)  90 liters 
C)  125 liters 
D)  180 liters 
E)  200 liters

Question 8

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  ascending loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  descending loop of Henle. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  ascending loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  descending loop of Henle.

Question 9

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-peritubular capillaries

Accepted Answer

A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids 
A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids

Question 10

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids 
A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids

Question 11

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  renin. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  angiotensin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  renin. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  angiotensin.

Question 12

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Bowman's capsule. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Bowman's capsule.

Question 13

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  clearance fraction. 
D)  glomerular flow rate. 
E)  cardiac fraction. 
A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  clearance fraction. 
D)  glomerular flow rate. 
E)  cardiac fraction.

Question 14

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A)  have long loops of Henle. 
B)  are found next to the renal capsule. 
C)  comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D)  have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E)  have short loops of Henle. 
A)  have long loops of Henle. 
B)  are found next to the renal capsule. 
C)  comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D)  have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E)  have short loops of Henle.

Question 15

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Accepted Answer

A)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. 
B)  may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C)  is called urine. 
D)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. 
B)  may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C)  is called urine. 
D)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 16

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and bicarbonate 
B)  potassium and phosphate 
C)  sodium and chloride 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
E)  potassium and chloride 
A)  sodium and bicarbonate 
B)  potassium and phosphate 
C)  sodium and chloride 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
E)  potassium and chloride

Question 17

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  PAH 
C)  insulin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  glucose 
A)  ADH 
B)  PAH 
C)  insulin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  glucose

Question 18

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) amount of water reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule; (2) amount of water reabsorbed from the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 19

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) loop of Henle
(2) Bowman's capsule
(3) distal convoluted tubule
(4) proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2

Question 20

Match the hormone with its effect on blood pressure.
-aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) ↑ BP 
B) ↓ BP 
A) ↑ BP 
B) ↓ BP

Exam 26: Urinary System

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -major calyx

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

The urinary bladder

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Choose the term that does not belong.

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -peritubular capillaries

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -afferent arteriole

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

The juxtamedullary nephrons

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) amount of water reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule; (2) amount of water reabsorbed from the loop of Henle

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) loop of Henle (2) Bowman's capsule (3) distal convoluted tubule (4) proximal convoluted tubule

Match the hormone with its effect on blood pressure. -aldosterone

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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