Question 1

Visceral smooth muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  may contain groups of cells that function as an independent unit. 
B)  occurs in sheets and exhibits numerous gap junctions. 
C)  contracts only when stimulated. 
D)  does not function as a unit. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  may contain groups of cells that function as an independent unit. 
B)  occurs in sheets and exhibits numerous gap junctions. 
C)  contracts only when stimulated. 
D)  does not function as a unit. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. B

Question 2

Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  the functioning of the sodium-chloride pump 
B)  negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane 
C)  the attraction of chloride ions to other intracellular anions 
D)  the repulsion of potassium ions by the intracellular anions 
E)  the attraction of sodium ions to chloride ions 
A)  the functioning of the sodium-chloride pump 
B)  negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane 
C)  the attraction of chloride ions to other intracellular anions 
D)  the repulsion of potassium ions by the intracellular anions 
E)  the attraction of sodium ions to chloride ions B

Question 3

Which of the following changes have the potential to dramatically affect the potential difference across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions 
B)  increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions 
C)  any change in the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump works 
D)  increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions and increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions 
E)  increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions, increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions and any change in the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump works 
A)  increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions 
B)  increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions 
C)  any change in the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump works 
D)  increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions and increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions 
E)  increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions, increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions and any change in the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump works D

Question 4

Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic terminal by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  exocytosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  phagocytosis. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  endocytosis. 
A)  exocytosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  phagocytosis. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  endocytosis.

Question 5

The type of muscle fatigue known as "psychological fatigue" is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  depleted ATP reserves. 
B)  increased calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm. 
C)  decreased levels of acetylcholine. 
D)  the emotional state of an individual. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  depleted ATP reserves. 
B)  increased calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm. 
C)  decreased levels of acetylcholine. 
D)  the emotional state of an individual. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 6

Which of the following would contribute to muscular fatigue in the muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

A)  the emotional state of an individual 
B)  depletion of ATP reserves 
C)  inability of the motor neuron to produce sufficient quantities of acetylcholine 
D)  depletion of neurotransmitter 
E)  blocked receptors in the postsynaptic membrane 
A)  the emotional state of an individual 
B)  depletion of ATP reserves 
C)  inability of the motor neuron to produce sufficient quantities of acetylcholine 
D)  depletion of neurotransmitter 
E)  blocked receptors in the postsynaptic membrane

Question 7

The outside of the resting plasma membrane is __________ relative to the inside of the resting plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  positively charged 
B)  negatively charged 
C)  electrically neutral 
D)  recharged 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  positively charged 
B)  negatively charged 
C)  electrically neutral 
D)  recharged 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 8

-The figure illustrates the neuromuscular junction. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic terminal 
B)  muscle fiber 
C)  neuromuscular junction 
D)  axon branch 
E)  myofibrils 
A)  presynaptic terminal 
B)  muscle fiber 
C)  neuromuscular junction 
D)  axon branch 
E)  myofibrils

Question 9

A fasciculus

Accepted Answer

A)  is a bundle of reticular fibers. 
B)  is surrounded by perimysium. 
C)  is only found in smooth muscle. 
D)  possesses an external lamina. 
E)  is a bundle of collagen fibers. 
A)  is a bundle of reticular fibers. 
B)  is surrounded by perimysium. 
C)  is only found in smooth muscle. 
D)  possesses an external lamina. 
E)  is a bundle of collagen fibers.

Question 10

When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell dies. 
B)  cell regenerates. 
C)  cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. 
D)  cell is no longer responsive. 
E)  original polarity of the cell is restored. 
A)  cell dies. 
B)  cell regenerates. 
C)  cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. 
D)  cell is no longer responsive. 
E)  original polarity of the cell is restored.

Question 11

A sarcomere is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin. 
A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin.

Question 12

What is a triad?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Question 13

Which type of respiration do resting muscles depend upon?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 14

Actin myofilaments

Accepted Answer

A)  resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. 
B)  contain both myosin and tropomyosin. 
C)  are held in place by the M line. 
D)  contain strands of fibrous actin. 
E)  are the thickest proteins in muscle. 
A)  resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. 
B)  contain both myosin and tropomyosin. 
C)  are held in place by the M line. 
D)  contain strands of fibrous actin. 
E)  are the thickest proteins in muscle.

Question 15

Muscle tone

Accepted Answer

A)  is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 16

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic metabolism 
B)  lactic acid production 
C)  fast twitch fibers 
D)  fuels runner in a marathon 
E)  muscle fibers split ATP rapidly 
A)  anaerobic metabolism 
B)  lactic acid production 
C)  fast twitch fibers 
D)  fuels runner in a marathon 
E)  muscle fibers split ATP rapidly

Question 17

A proper definition of muscle tone is

Accepted Answer

A)  constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
B)  a feeling of well-being following exercise. 
C)  the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force. 
D)  muscles contracting together. 
E)  warm-up of muscle tissue. 
A)  constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
B)  a feeling of well-being following exercise. 
C)  the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force. 
D)  muscles contracting together. 
E)  warm-up of muscle tissue.

Question 18

A sustained muscle contraction is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus 
B)  tone 
C)  treppe 
D)  twitch 
E)  paralysis 
A)  tetanus 
B)  tone 
C)  treppe 
D)  twitch 
E)  paralysis

Question 19

Which of the following structures contains the other four items listed?

Accepted Answer

A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  presynaptic terminal 
C)  synaptic cleft 
D)  neuromuscular junction 
E)  receptors on postsynaptic membrane 
A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  presynaptic terminal 
C)  synaptic cleft 
D)  neuromuscular junction 
E)  receptors on postsynaptic membrane

Question 20

Fascia

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounds individual muscles. 
B)  separates muscle fibers. 
C)  connects muscles to bone. 
D)  is a type of muscle tissue. 
E)  is a type of nerve tissue. 
A)  surrounds individual muscles. 
B)  separates muscle fibers. 
C)  connects muscles to bone. 
D)  is a type of muscle tissue. 
E)  is a type of nerve tissue.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Visceral smooth muscle

Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?

Which of the following changes have the potential to dramatically affect the potential difference across the plasma membrane?

Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic terminal by the process of

The type of muscle fatigue known as "psychological fatigue" is the result of

Which of the following would contribute to muscular fatigue in the muscle fiber?

The outside of the resting plasma membrane is __________ relative to the inside of the resting plasma membrane.

-The figure illustrates the neuromuscular junction. What does "A" represent?

A fasciculus

When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the

A sarcomere is the

What is a triad?

Which type of respiration do resting muscles depend upon?

Actin myofilaments

Muscle tone

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

A proper definition of muscle tone is

A sustained muscle contraction is known as

Which of the following structures contains the other four items listed?

Fascia

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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