Question 1

Oxygen deficit represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount anaerobic metabolism must increase after exercise. 
B)  the amount of oxygen converted to lactic acid during exercise. 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide that cells need to eliminate. 
D)  conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. 
E)  the amount of oxygen that cells need to replenish ATP supplies after exercise. 
A)  the amount anaerobic metabolism must increase after exercise. 
B)  the amount of oxygen converted to lactic acid during exercise. 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide that cells need to eliminate. 
D)  conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. 
E)  the amount of oxygen that cells need to replenish ATP supplies after exercise.

Question 2

Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  have striations. 
B)  depolarize as a result of sodium and calcium influxes. 
C)  possess intercalated disks. 
D)  lack sarcomeres. 
E)  are multinucleated. 
A)  have striations. 
B)  depolarize as a result of sodium and calcium influxes. 
C)  possess intercalated disks. 
D)  lack sarcomeres. 
E)  are multinucleated.

Question 3

In which of the following situations does a resting membrane potential exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  a relaxed muscle fiber 
B)  a conducting neuron 
C)  a stimulated sensory receptor in the skin 
D)  a contracting cardiac muscle cell 
E)  the eye seeing an image 
A)  a relaxed muscle fiber 
B)  a conducting neuron 
C)  a stimulated sensory receptor in the skin 
D)  a contracting cardiac muscle cell 
E)  the eye seeing an image

Question 4

Shivering

Accepted Answer

A)  increases heat loss from the skin. 
B)  is a response of the nervous system to a high fever. 
C)  helps raise body temperature. 
D)  causes vasoconstriction. 
E)  occurs when body temperature is slightly elevated. 
A)  increases heat loss from the skin. 
B)  is a response of the nervous system to a high fever. 
C)  helps raise body temperature. 
D)  causes vasoconstriction. 
E)  occurs when body temperature is slightly elevated.

Question 5

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of muscle fibers. 
B)  size of muscle fibers. 
C)  number of striations. 
D)  number of nuclei within the muscle fibers. 
E)  number of muscle cells. 
A)  number of muscle fibers. 
B)  size of muscle fibers. 
C)  number of striations. 
D)  number of nuclei within the muscle fibers. 
E)  number of muscle cells.

Question 6

An action potential

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level. 
B)  is not propagated. 
C)  has no repolarization phase. 
D)  is an example of negative feedback. 
E)  can be of varying strengths depending on strength of the stimulus. 
A)  occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level. 
B)  is not propagated. 
C)  has no repolarization phase. 
D)  is an example of negative feedback. 
E)  can be of varying strengths depending on strength of the stimulus.

Question 7

Arrange the following list of biochemical events in the correct sequence. (1) An action potential is conducted deep into the muscle fiber by the T tubule.
(2) Calcium ions bind to troponin.
(3) The membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum become more permeable to calcium ions.
(4) Calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm around the myofibril.
(5) The troponin-tropomyosin complex moves exposing active sites.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 3, 4, 2, 5 
C)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
D)  1, 3, 2, 5, 4 
E)  1, 4, 3, 2, 5 
A)  1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 3, 4, 2, 5 
C)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
D)  1, 3, 2, 5, 4 
E)  1, 4, 3, 2, 5

Question 8

After contraction has occurred, the calcium is

Accepted Answer

A)  destroyed by cholinesterase. 
B)  chemically bound to the cross bridges. 
C)  secreted by the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell. 
D)  released from troponin. 
E)  returned to the sarcolemma. 
A)  destroyed by cholinesterase. 
B)  chemically bound to the cross bridges. 
C)  secreted by the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell. 
D)  released from troponin. 
E)  returned to the sarcolemma.

Question 9

Too much acetylcholinesterase causes

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber. 
B)  rapid degradation of acetycholine. 
C)  voltage-gated calcium ion channels opening in the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  an increase in sodium uptake by the muscle fiber. 
E)  exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. 
A)  continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber. 
B)  rapid degradation of acetycholine. 
C)  voltage-gated calcium ion channels opening in the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  an increase in sodium uptake by the muscle fiber. 
E)  exocytosis of synaptic vesicles.

Question 10

Concentric contractions occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
B)  the tension and length of the muscle remain constant during a contraction. 
C)  tension in a muscle is maintained while the muscle increases in length. 
D)  the muscle produces tension while the length of the muscle increases. 
E)  isometric contractions occur. 
A)  the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
B)  the tension and length of the muscle remain constant during a contraction. 
C)  tension in a muscle is maintained while the muscle increases in length. 
D)  the muscle produces tension while the length of the muscle increases. 
E)  isometric contractions occur.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning slow-twitch oxidative muscle fibers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They split ATP slowly. 
B)  They have large deposits of myoglobin. 
C)  They are well adapted to anaerobic activity. 
D)  They have a well developed blood supply. 
E)  They have low glycogen stores. 
A)  They split ATP slowly. 
B)  They have large deposits of myoglobin. 
C)  They are well adapted to anaerobic activity. 
D)  They have a well developed blood supply. 
E)  They have low glycogen stores.

Question 12

The capacity of a muscle cell to shorten forcefully is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  contractility. 
B)  excitability. 
C)  extensibility. 
D)  elasticity. 
E)  flexibility. 
A)  contractility. 
B)  excitability. 
C)  extensibility. 
D)  elasticity. 
E)  flexibility.

Question 13

Skeletal muscle develops from multinucleated cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  fascicles. 
B)  myoblasts. 
C)  myofibrils. 
D)  myotomes. 
E)  fasciculi. 
A)  fascicles. 
B)  myoblasts. 
C)  myofibrils. 
D)  myotomes. 
E)  fasciculi.

Question 14

Curare blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate. This would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased stimulation of the muscle. 
B)  more acetylcholinesterase production. 
C)  lack of calcium uptake by the muscle fiber. 
D)  inability of the muscle fiber to respond to nervous stimulation. 
E)  sustained contraction of the muscle. 
A)  increased stimulation of the muscle. 
B)  more acetylcholinesterase production. 
C)  lack of calcium uptake by the muscle fiber. 
D)  inability of the muscle fiber to respond to nervous stimulation. 
E)  sustained contraction of the muscle.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Oxygen deficit represents

Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they both

In which of the following situations does a resting membrane potential exist?

Shivering

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the

An action potential

After contraction has occurred, the calcium is

Too much acetylcholinesterase causes

Concentric contractions occur when

Which of the following statements concerning slow-twitch oxidative muscle fibers is false?

The capacity of a muscle cell to shorten forcefully is known as

Skeletal muscle develops from multinucleated cells called

Curare blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate. This would result in

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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