Question 1

Which of the following is true during the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium ion concentration is greater inside cells. 
B)  Negatively charged proteins are more concentrated outside the cell. 
C)  A greater concentration of calcium ions is found inside the cell. 
D)  Potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell. 
E)  None of these choices reflect what occurs during the resting membrane potential. 
A)  Sodium ion concentration is greater inside cells. 
B)  Negatively charged proteins are more concentrated outside the cell. 
C)  A greater concentration of calcium ions is found inside the cell. 
D)  Potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell. 
E)  None of these choices reflect what occurs during the resting membrane potential.

Question 2

Intense exercise that results in a great deal of anaerobic activity

Accepted Answer

A)  converts some slow-twitch fibers into fast-twitch fibers. 
B)  increases muscular strength and mass. 
C)  enlarges slow-twitch fibers. 
D)  decreases the efficiency of fast-twitch fibers. 
E)  decreases muscle strength and mass. 
A)  converts some slow-twitch fibers into fast-twitch fibers. 
B)  increases muscular strength and mass. 
C)  enlarges slow-twitch fibers. 
D)  decreases the efficiency of fast-twitch fibers. 
E)  decreases muscle strength and mass.

Question 3

T tubules are invaginations of the

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  sarcomere. 
C)  myofibril. 
D)  sarcoplasm. 
E)  sarcolemma. 
A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  sarcomere. 
C)  myofibril. 
D)  sarcoplasm. 
E)  sarcolemma.

Question 4

Anabolic steroids can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increase muscle size and strength. 
B)  cause testicular atrophy. 
C)  cause cardiovascular disease. 
D)  increase the number of muscle fibers. 
E)  increase total muscle mass. 
A)  increase muscle size and strength. 
B)  cause testicular atrophy. 
C)  cause cardiovascular disease. 
D)  increase the number of muscle fibers. 
E)  increase total muscle mass.

Question 5

Synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  acetylcholinesterase. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  acetylcholinesterase. 
E)  sodium.

Question 6

What is the role of pacemaker cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  can rapidly develop action potentials 
B)  shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C)  relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D)  intracellular cytoskeleton 
E)  enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin 
A)  can rapidly develop action potentials 
B)  shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C)  relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D)  intracellular cytoskeleton 
E)  enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin

Question 7

If the resting membrane potential becomes more negative, which of the following has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  depolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  hypopolarization 
A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  depolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  hypopolarization

Question 8

Which type of respiration occurs in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 9

Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  cardiac muscle 
D)  both skeletal and cardiac muscle 
E)  both cardiac and smooth muscle 
A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  cardiac muscle 
D)  both skeletal and cardiac muscle 
E)  both cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a known effect of illegal use of anabolic steroids in large dosages?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased muscle size 
B)  kidney damage 
C)  diminished testosterone secretion 
D)  increased cardiovascular fitness 
E)  sterility 
A)  increased muscle size 
B)  kidney damage 
C)  diminished testosterone secretion 
D)  increased cardiovascular fitness 
E)  sterility

Question 11

-The figure illustrates the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic terminal 
B)  muscle fiber 
C)  neuromuscular junction 
D)  axon branch 
E)  myofibrils 
A)  presynaptic terminal 
B)  muscle fiber 
C)  neuromuscular junction 
D)  axon branch 
E)  myofibrils

Question 12

The type of neurotransmitter or hormone that binds to receptors on smooth muscle plasma membranes determines the response of the muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue resulting in stiffness and soreness is

Accepted Answer

A)  cramps. 
B)  fibrositis. 
C)  fibrosis. 
D)  muscular dystrophy. 
E)  paralysis. 
A)  cramps. 
B)  fibrositis. 
C)  fibrosis. 
D)  muscular dystrophy. 
E)  paralysis.

Question 14

The refractory period

Accepted Answer

A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 15

A child ingested an organophosphate poison used to kill insects. Soon the child's muscles began spastic contractions. Predict what occurred at the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons 
B)  increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse 
C)  the poison binds to acetylcholine receptors and stimulates them 
D)  increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft 
E)  Both increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse and increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. 
A)  decreased release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons 
B)  increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse 
C)  the poison binds to acetylcholine receptors and stimulates them 
D)  increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft 
E)  Both increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse and increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Question 16

Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit?

Accepted Answer

A)  an elevated level of anaerobic metabolism 
B)  depletion of reserves of creatine phosphate 
C)  conversion of excess lactic acid to glucose 
D)  glycogen degradation to provide creatine 
E)  depressed level of aerobic respiration 
A)  an elevated level of anaerobic metabolism 
B)  depletion of reserves of creatine phosphate 
C)  conversion of excess lactic acid to glucose 
D)  glycogen degradation to provide creatine 
E)  depressed level of aerobic respiration

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of muscular atrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is irreversible. 
B)  It can be caused by disuse. 
C)  It can be caused by denervation. 
D)  Transcutaneous stimulation can help prevent it. 
E)  Muscle fibers are replaced by connective tissue. 
A)  It is irreversible. 
B)  It can be caused by disuse. 
C)  It can be caused by denervation. 
D)  Transcutaneous stimulation can help prevent it. 
E)  Muscle fibers are replaced by connective tissue.

Question 18

Endomysium is a delicate network of loose connective tissue that

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounds each muscle fiber. 
B)  forms a sheath around a fasciculus. 
C)  is composed of elastic fibers. 
D)  separates individual muscles. 
E)  penetrates muscle fibers. 
A)  surrounds each muscle fiber. 
B)  forms a sheath around a fasciculus. 
C)  is composed of elastic fibers. 
D)  separates individual muscles. 
E)  penetrates muscle fibers.

Question 19

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  sarcolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminal 
E)  postsynaptic membrane 
A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  sarcolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminal 
E)  postsynaptic membrane

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding the sliding filament model is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actin and myosin do not shorten during contraction. 
B)  Both actin and myosin myofilaments shorten during contraction. 
C)  The sarcomere shortens. 
D)  The I band and H zones become narrower during contraction. 
E)  The A band remains constant in length. 
A)  Actin and myosin do not shorten during contraction. 
B)  Both actin and myosin myofilaments shorten during contraction. 
C)  The sarcomere shortens. 
D)  The I band and H zones become narrower during contraction. 
E)  The A band remains constant in length.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Which of the following is true during the resting membrane potential?

Intense exercise that results in a great deal of anaerobic activity

T tubules are invaginations of the

Anabolic steroids can do all of the following except

Synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain

What is the role of pacemaker cells?

If the resting membrane potential becomes more negative, which of the following has occurred?

Which type of respiration occurs in the mitochondria?

Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch?

Which of the following is NOT a known effect of illegal use of anabolic steroids in large dosages?

-The figure illustrates the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

The type of neurotransmitter or hormone that binds to receptors on smooth muscle plasma membranes determines the response of the muscle.

Inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue resulting in stiffness and soreness is

The refractory period

A child ingested an organophosphate poison used to kill insects. Soon the child's muscles began spastic contractions. Predict what occurred at the synaptic cleft.

Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit?

Which of the following is NOT true of muscular atrophy?

Endomysium is a delicate network of loose connective tissue that

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Which of the following statements regarding the sliding filament model is false?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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