Question 1

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation.
-rids body of excess K+

Accepted Answer

A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion C

Question 2

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output. 
B)  decreased aldosterone production. 
C)  decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D)  increased osmolality of the urine. 
E)  decreased urine volume. 
A)  increased urine output. 
B)  decreased aldosterone production. 
C)  decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D)  increased osmolality of the urine. 
E)  decreased urine volume. A

Question 3

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B)  a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  rapid removal of filtrate. 
E)  a low medullary concentration gradient. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B)  a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  rapid removal of filtrate. 
E)  a low medullary concentration gradient. B

Question 4

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing afferent arteriole constriction. 
B)  decreasing urine production. 
C)  decreasing renin secretion. 
D)  increasing aldosterone secretion. 
E)  increasing renin secretion 
A)  increasing afferent arteriole constriction. 
B)  decreasing urine production. 
C)  decreasing renin secretion. 
D)  increasing aldosterone secretion. 
E)  increasing renin secretion

Question 5

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-renal blood flow

Accepted Answer

A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate 
A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate

Question 6

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal fat pad. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal cortex. 
A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal fat pad. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal cortex.

Question 7

The renal papillae extend into the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  renal columns. 
C)  minor calyces. 
D)  major calyces. 
A)  cortex. 
B)  renal columns. 
C)  minor calyces. 
D)  major calyces.

Question 8

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrons. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal pyramids. 
D)  renal columns. 
E)  renal tubes. 
A)  nephrons. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal pyramids. 
D)  renal columns. 
E)  renal tubes.

Question 9

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  surrounds the collecting duct. 
A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  surrounds the collecting duct.

Question 10

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A)  will be actively secreted into the filtrate. 
B)  will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells. 
C)  will appear in the urine. 
D)  will not appear in the urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  will be actively secreted into the filtrate. 
B)  will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells. 
C)  will appear in the urine. 
D)  will not appear in the urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 11

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 12

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

Accepted Answer

A)  renin. 
B)  ADH. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  angiotensin. 
A)  renin. 
B)  ADH. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  angiotensin.

Question 13

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  protein 
D)  sodium ions 
E)  glucose 
A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  protein 
D)  sodium ions 
E)  glucose

Question 14

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-kidney

Accepted Answer

A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney 
A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney

Question 15

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A)  110 mmHg 
B)  90 mmHg 
C)  50 mmHg 
D)  30 mmHg 
E)  20 mmHg 
A)  110 mmHg 
B)  90 mmHg 
C)  50 mmHg 
D)  30 mmHg 
E)  20 mmHg

Question 16

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  high urea concentration in medulla 
B)  active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C)  the vasa recta 
D)  functions of the loop of Henle 
E)  All of these choices are correct 
A)  high urea concentration in medulla 
B)  active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C)  the vasa recta 
D)  functions of the loop of Henle 
E)  All of these choices are correct

Question 17

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)  lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. 
B)  the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. 
C)  permeable to water if ADH is present. 
D)  impermeable to water. 
E)  the site of water secretion. 
A)  lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. 
B)  the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. 
C)  permeable to water if ADH is present. 
D)  impermeable to water. 
E)  the site of water secretion.

Question 18

The kidneys produce renin when

Accepted Answer

A)  the urine becomes acidic. 
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate. 
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases. 
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases. 
A)  the urine becomes acidic. 
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate. 
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases. 
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.

Question 19

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is high; (2) renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is low

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 20

Match the hormone with the function.
-renin

Accepted Answer

A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine 
A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine

Exam 26: Urinary System

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -rids body of excess K+

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Match the term with the appropriate definition. -renal blood flow

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

The renal papillae extend into the

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

The vasa recta

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Match the organ with the appropriate function. -kidney

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

The proximal convoluted tubule is

The kidneys produce renin when

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is high; (2) renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is low

Match the hormone with the function. -renin

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -rids body of excess K⁺

When macula densa cells experience increased Na⁺ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by