Question 1

Water makes up __________ % of the body's weight in a healthy adult.

Accepted Answer

60

Question 2

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  vomiting. 
B)  increased dietary intake. 
C)  increased urinary output. 
D)  cellular injury or death. 
E)  diarrhea. 
A)  vomiting. 
B)  increased dietary intake. 
C)  increased urinary output. 
D)  cellular injury or death. 
E)  diarrhea. D

Question 3

The main intracellular cation is __________.

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 4

pH

Accepted Answer

A)  increases with acidity. 
B)  is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 
C)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D)  reflects sodium content of body fluids. 
E)  is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body. 
A)  increases with acidity. 
B)  is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 
C)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D)  reflects sodium content of body fluids. 
E)  is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body.

Question 5

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) the amount of body water in the intracellular compartment; (2) the amount of body water in the extracellular compartment

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 6

Stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium levels. 
B)  calcium levels. 
C)  calcitonin levels. 
D)  phosphate levels. 
E)  sodium levels. 
A)  potassium levels. 
B)  calcium levels. 
C)  calcitonin levels. 
D)  phosphate levels. 
E)  sodium levels.

Question 7

The main extracellular anion is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main extracellular anion is __________....

Question 8

The predominant intracellular cation is

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  chloride. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  chloride.

Question 9

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Accepted Answer

A)  thirst. 
B)  vasodilatation. 
C)  water movement into the cells. 
D)  renal excretion of sodium. 
E)  ADH production. 
A)  thirst. 
B)  vasodilatation. 
C)  water movement into the cells. 
D)  renal excretion of sodium. 
E)  ADH production.

Question 10

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased BP 
B)  increased renin secretion 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BP 
A)  decreased BP 
B)  increased renin secretion 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BP

Question 11

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Accepted Answer

A)  blood osmolality. 
B)  aldosterone production. 
C)  blood pressure in atria of heart. 
D)  blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles. 
E)  blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart. 
A)  blood osmolality. 
B)  aldosterone production. 
C)  blood pressure in atria of heart. 
D)  blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles. 
E)  blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart.

Question 12

Match the symptom with one of the causes.
-decreased neuromuscular excitability

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia 
A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia

Question 13

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  elevated potassium levels. 
C)  excess water intake. 
D)  elevated sodium levels. 
E)  low potassium levels. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  elevated potassium levels. 
C)  excess water intake. 
D)  elevated sodium levels. 
E)  low potassium levels.

Question 14

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-hyperglycemia

Accepted Answer

A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia 
A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia

Question 15

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-untreated diabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) pH of body fluids when carbon dioxide content increases; (2) pH of body fluids when carbon dioxide content decreases

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 17

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  3-year-old male 
B)  15-year-old male 
C)  35-year-old male 
D)  35-year-old female 
E)  50-year-old male 
A)  3-year-old male 
B)  15-year-old male 
C)  35-year-old male 
D)  35-year-old female 
E)  50-year-old male

Question 18

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease, decrease 
B)  decrease, increase 
C)  increase, increase 
D)  increase, decrease 
E)  increase, no change 
A)  decrease, decrease 
B)  decrease, increase 
C)  increase, increase 
D)  increase, decrease 
E)  increase, no change

Question 19

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-nutritional deficiencies

Accepted Answer

A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia 
A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia

Question 20

Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their bodyweight as water?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 7-month-old female 
B)  a lean 35-year-old male athlete 
C)  a chunky 52-year-old male athlete 
D)  a healthy 88-year-old male 
E)  an adult female marathon runner 
A)  a 7-month-old female 
B)  a lean 35-year-old male athlete 
C)  a chunky 52-year-old male athlete 
D)  a healthy 88-year-old male 
E)  an adult female marathon runner

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Water makes up __________ % of the body's weight in a healthy adult.

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

The main intracellular cation is __________.

pH

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) the amount of body water in the intracellular compartment; (2) the amount of body water in the extracellular compartment

Stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

The main extracellular anion is __________.

The predominant intracellular cation is

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "E" represent?

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Match the symptom with one of the causes. -decreased neuromuscular excitability

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -hyperglycemia

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -untreated diabetes mellitus

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) pH of body fluids when carbon dioxide content increases; (2) pH of body fluids when carbon dioxide content decreases

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -nutritional deficiencies

Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their bodyweight as water?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a(n) in H⁺ ions and a(n) in blood pH.