Question 1

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of blood vessels 
B)  increase ADH secretion 
C)  decrease aldosterone secretion 
D)  increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E)  increase aldosterone secretion 
A)  vasoconstriction of blood vessels 
B)  increase ADH secretion 
C)  decrease aldosterone secretion 
D)  increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E)  increase aldosterone secretion

Question 2

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Accepted Answer

A)  greatly increased. 
B)  greatly decreased. 
C)  unchanged. 
A)  greatly increased. 
B)  greatly decreased. 
C)  unchanged.

Question 3

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

Accepted Answer

A)  water to move out of the cells. 
B)  water to move into the cells. 
C)  no change in the net movement of water into or out of the cells. 
A)  water to move out of the cells. 
B)  water to move into the cells. 
C)  no change in the net movement of water into or out of the cells.

Question 4

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)  cells to become more excitable. 
B)  hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C)  more action potentials to be generated. 
D)  increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E)  hypopolarization of cell membranes. 
A)  cells to become more excitable. 
B)  hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C)  more action potentials to be generated. 
D)  increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E)  hypopolarization of cell membranes.

Question 5

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH 
A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH

Question 6

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis 
B)  alkalosis 
C)  neither of these 
A)  acidosis 
B)  alkalosis 
C)  neither of these

Question 7

The sensation of thirst results from

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the plasma volume. 
B)  hypertension (increased blood pressure). 
C)  stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  stimulation of baroreceptors. 
A)  an increase in the plasma volume. 
B)  hypertension (increased blood pressure). 
C)  stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  stimulation of baroreceptors.

Question 8

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 9

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptors. 
B)  chemoreceptors. 
C)  osmoreceptors. 
D)  pressoreceptors. 
E)  proprioreceptors. 
A)  baroreceptors. 
B)  chemoreceptors. 
C)  osmoreceptors. 
D)  pressoreceptors. 
E)  proprioreceptors.

Question 10

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) the percent adult weight that is water; (2) the percent of body weight that is water in a child

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 11

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-prolonged diarrhea resulting in excessive loss of bicarbonate

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 12

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH production. 
B)  plasma sodium levels. 
C)  renin production. 
D)  urine production. 
E)  thirst. 
A)  ADH production. 
B)  plasma sodium levels. 
C)  renin production. 
D)  urine production. 
E)  thirst.

Question 13

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased rate of bone resorption. 
B)  increased rate of vitamin D degradation. 
C)  increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine. 
D)  increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys. 
E)  decreased levels of blood calcium. 
A)  increased rate of bone resorption. 
B)  increased rate of vitamin D degradation. 
C)  increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine. 
D)  increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys. 
E)  decreased levels of blood calcium.

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "E" represent?

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?

The sensation of thirst results from

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) the percent adult weight that is water; (2) the percent of body weight that is water in a child

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -prolonged diarrhea resulting in excessive loss of bicarbonate

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters