Question 1

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  large intestine. 
A)  liver. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  large intestine.

Question 2

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  asphyxia. 
B)  asthma. 
C)  severe emphysema. 
D)  hyperventilation. 
E)  hypoventilation. 
A)  asphyxia. 
B)  asthma. 
C)  severe emphysema. 
D)  hyperventilation. 
E)  hypoventilation.

Question 3

The predominant extracellular cation is

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  chloride. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  hydrogen ion. 
A)  bicarbonate. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  chloride. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  hydrogen ion.

Question 4

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-water loss due to extensive burns

Accepted Answer

A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia 
A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia

Question 5

A major complication of thyroid surgery is the accidental damaging or removal of the parathyroid glands. This damage or removal of the parathyroid glands can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sodium retention. 
B)  increased plasma volume. 
C)  decreased plasma calcium. 
D)  delayed healing. 
E)  increased plasma calcium. 
A)  increased sodium retention. 
B)  increased plasma volume. 
C)  decreased plasma calcium. 
D)  delayed healing. 
E)  increased plasma calcium.

Question 6

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  alkalosis - hypokalemia 
B)  cell destruction - hypokalemia 
C)  increased secretion of aldosterone - hyperkalemia 
D)  overuse of diuretics - hyperkalemia 
E)  acidosis - hypokalemia 
A)  alkalosis - hypokalemia 
B)  cell destruction - hypokalemia 
C)  increased secretion of aldosterone - hyperkalemia 
D)  overuse of diuretics - hyperkalemia 
E)  acidosis - hypokalemia

Question 7

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in urine volume 
B)  an increase in urine osmolality 
C)  an increase in ADH production 
D)  increased aldosterone secretion 
E)  a decrease in urine volume 
A)  an increase in urine volume 
B)  an increase in urine osmolality 
C)  an increase in ADH production 
D)  increased aldosterone secretion 
E)  a decrease in urine volume

Question 8

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  hypercalcemia. 
C)  hypernatremia. 
D)  increased urine volume. 
E)  hyponatremia. 
A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  hypercalcemia. 
C)  hypernatremia. 
D)  increased urine volume. 
E)  hyponatremia.

Question 10

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased respiratory rate 
B)  a plasma pH less than 7.40 
C)  retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
D)  increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions 
E)  secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
A)  increased respiratory rate 
B)  a plasma pH less than 7.40 
C)  retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
D)  increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions 
E)  secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization. 
B)  Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  When aldosterone levels are high, potassium secretion is low. 
D)  Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions. 
E)  None of these choices is false. 
A)  An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization. 
B)  Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  When aldosterone levels are high, potassium secretion is low. 
D)  Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions. 
E)  None of these choices is false.

Question 12

Match the symptom with one of the causes.
-hyperpolarization of cardiac muscle

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia 
A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia

Question 13

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  high intake of sodium 
B)  increased aldosterone production 
C)  increased urine output 
D)  decreased aldosterone production 
E)  decreased ADH production 
A)  high intake of sodium 
B)  increased aldosterone production 
C)  increased urine output 
D)  decreased aldosterone production 
E)  decreased ADH production

Question 14

Serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as

Accepted Answer

A)  mg %. 
B)  mmHg. 
C)  mg/dl. 
D)  mEq/L. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  mg %. 
B)  mmHg. 
C)  mg/dl. 
D)  mEq/L. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 15

Extracellular fluid has a

Accepted Answer

A)  higher protein content than intracellular fluid. 
B)  higher potassium content than intracellular fluid. 
C)  higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. 
D)  higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid 
E)  higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid. 
A)  higher protein content than intracellular fluid. 
B)  higher potassium content than intracellular fluid. 
C)  higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. 
D)  higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid 
E)  higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid.

Question 16

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  urine. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  skin. 
E)  GI tract. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  urine. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  skin. 
E)  GI tract.

Question 17

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  your blood osmolality to be low. 
B)  an increase in the production of urine. 
C)  aldosterone levels to decrease. 
D)  ADH levels to increase. 
E)  ADH levels to decrease. 
A)  your blood osmolality to be low. 
B)  an increase in the production of urine. 
C)  aldosterone levels to decrease. 
D)  ADH levels to increase. 
E)  ADH levels to decrease.

Question 18

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  GI tract. 
E)  sweat. 
A)  skin. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  GI tract. 
E)  sweat.

Question 19

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH 
A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
B)  arterial baroreceptors 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  mouth mucosa 
A)  osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
B)  arterial baroreceptors 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  mouth mucosa

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

The predominant extracellular cation is

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -water loss due to extensive burns

A major complication of thyroid surgery is the accidental damaging or removal of the parathyroid glands. This damage or removal of the parathyroid glands can result in

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Match the symptom with one of the causes. -hyperpolarization of cardiac muscle

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as

Extracellular fluid has a

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "C" represent?

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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