Question 1

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Accepted Answer

A)  removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma. 
B)  releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma. 
C)  dissociating into H+ and CO3-. 
D)  combining with chloride ions. 
E)  combining with hemoglobin. 
A)  removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma. 
B)  releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma. 
C)  dissociating into H+ and CO3-. 
D)  combining with chloride ions. 
E)  combining with hemoglobin.

Question 2

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial compartment 
C)  intracellular compartment 
D)  extracellular compartment 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial compartment 
C)  intracellular compartment 
D)  extracellular compartment 
E)  cytoplasm

Question 3

Renin is released by the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 4

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Accepted Answer

A)  buffers. 
B)  inhibitors. 
C)  accelerators. 
D)  activators. 
E)  stabilizers. 
A)  buffers. 
B)  inhibitors. 
C)  accelerators. 
D)  activators. 
E)  stabilizers.

Question 5

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular. 
B)  sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular. 
C)  little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular. 
D)  equal amounts of both ions, in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular. 
B)  sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular. 
C)  little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular. 
D)  equal amounts of both ions, in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 6

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-asthma attack

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 7

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased BP 
B)  increased renin secretion 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BP 
A)  decreased BP 
B)  increased renin secretion 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BP

Question 8

The normal pH for blood plasma is

Accepted Answer

A)  7.00. 
B)  7.25 - 7.35. 
C)  7.35 - 7.45. 
D)  7.45 - 7.55. 
E)  6.80 - 7.20. 
A)  7.00. 
B)  7.25 - 7.35. 
C)  7.35 - 7.45. 
D)  7.45 - 7.55. 
E)  6.80 - 7.20.

Question 9

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Accepted Answer

A)  renin. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  insulin. 
A)  renin. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  insulin.

Question 10

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  excess excitability of kalems. 
B)  reduction of plasma calcium level. 
C)  increase in plasma potassium level. 
D)  increase in plasma sodium level. 
E)  decrease in plasma potassium level. 
A)  excess excitability of kalems. 
B)  reduction of plasma calcium level. 
C)  increase in plasma potassium level. 
D)  increase in plasma sodium level. 
E)  decrease in plasma potassium level.

Question 11

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-hypoventilation

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea 
B)  perspiration 
C)  decreased water intake 
D)  decreased urine volume 
E)  increased urine volume 
A)  diarrhea 
B)  perspiration 
C)  decreased water intake 
D)  decreased urine volume 
E)  increased urine volume

Question 13

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  promotes osteoclast activity in the bones. 
C)  reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
D)  reduces extracellular calcium ion levels. 
E)  increases blood calcium levels. 
A)  promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  promotes osteoclast activity in the bones. 
C)  reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
D)  reduces extracellular calcium ion levels. 
E)  increases blood calcium levels.

Question 14

Calcium's roles in the body include

Accepted Answer

A)  bone health. 
B)  muscle contraction. 
C)  blood clotting. 
D)  action potentials in heart muscle. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  bone health. 
B)  muscle contraction. 
C)  blood clotting. 
D)  action potentials in heart muscle. 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 15

The largest compartment of body fluids is the __________ compartment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The largest compartment of body fluids is...

Question 16

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-large intake of water after excessive sweating

Accepted Answer

A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia 
A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia

Question 17

ADH causes the renal tubules to retain __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ADH causes the renal tubules to retain...

Question 18

Match the symptom with one of the causes.
-increased neuromuscular irritability, restlessness

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia 
A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia

Question 19

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH 
A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH

Question 20

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "D" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH 
A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Renin is released by the

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -asthma attack

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "A" represent?

The normal pH for blood plasma is

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -hypoventilation

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Calcitonin

Calcium's roles in the body include

The largest compartment of body fluids is the __________ compartment.

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -large intake of water after excessive sweating

ADH causes the renal tubules to retain __________.

Match the symptom with one of the causes. -increased neuromuscular irritability, restlessness

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "B" represent?

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "D" represent?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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