Question 1

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
B)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
C)  H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
D)  H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
E)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion decreases. 
A)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
B)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
C)  H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
D)  H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
E)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion decreases.

Question 2

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis 
B)  pH increases 
C)  H+ ion concentration increases 
D)  carbonic acid levels increase 
E)  pH decreases 
A)  acidosis 
B)  pH increases 
C)  H+ ion concentration increases 
D)  carbonic acid levels increase 
E)  pH decreases

Question 3

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) calcium absorption from intestine when vitamin D is present; (2) calcium absorption from intestine when vitamin D is absent

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 4

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney. 
B)  increased secretion of potassium by the kidney. 
C)  decreased reabsorption of sodium by the kidney. 
D)  increased reabsorption of phosphate ions by the kidney. 
E)  decreased secretion of potassium by the kidney. 
A)  decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney. 
B)  increased secretion of potassium by the kidney. 
C)  decreased reabsorption of sodium by the kidney. 
D)  increased reabsorption of phosphate ions by the kidney. 
E)  decreased secretion of potassium by the kidney.

Question 5

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  chloride 
D)  water volume 
E)  hydrogen ions 
A)  protein 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  chloride 
D)  water volume 
E)  hydrogen ions

Question 6

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial compartment 
C)  intracellular compartment 
D)  extracellular compartment 
E)  lymph 
A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial compartment 
C)  intracellular compartment 
D)  extracellular compartment 
E)  lymph

Question 7

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia 
B)  bicarbonate ions 
C)  phosphate ions 
D)  ammonia and bicarbonate ions 
E)  ammonia, bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions 
A)  ammonia 
B)  bicarbonate ions 
C)  phosphate ions 
D)  ammonia and bicarbonate ions 
E)  ammonia, bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions

Question 8

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-excessive PTH secretion

Accepted Answer

A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia 
A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia

Question 9

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Accepted Answer

A)  thirst. 
B)  muscle weakness. 
C)  increased body temperature. 
D)  tremors, tetany, and convulsions. 
E)  paralysis. 
A)  thirst. 
B)  muscle weakness. 
C)  increased body temperature. 
D)  tremors, tetany, and convulsions. 
E)  paralysis.

Question 10

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-excessive vitamin D

Accepted Answer

A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia 
A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia

Question 11

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH 
A)  respiratory control centers in brainstem 
B)  increased respiration and depth 
C)  increased CO2 from lungs 
D)  capillary 
E)  decreased pH

Question 12

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-decreased PTH secretion

Accepted Answer

A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia 
A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia

Question 13

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output 
B)  an increased release of ADH 
C)  an increase in renin production 
D)  an increase in the secretion of aldosterone 
E)  a decreased release of ADH 
A)  increased urine output 
B)  an increased release of ADH 
C)  an increase in renin production 
D)  an increase in the secretion of aldosterone 
E)  a decreased release of ADH

Question 14

As a result of hyperventilation,

Accepted Answer

A)  the body pH decreases. 
B)  the plasma PCO2 level decreases. 
C)  the kidney will increase the rate of hydrogen ion excretion. 
D)  more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma. 
E)  the plasma PCO2 level increases. 
A)  the body pH decreases. 
B)  the plasma PCO2 level decreases. 
C)  the kidney will increase the rate of hydrogen ion excretion. 
D)  more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma. 
E)  the plasma PCO2 level increases.

Question 15

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  GI tract. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  sweat. 
A)  skin. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  GI tract. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  sweat.

Question 16

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased BP 
B)  increased renin secretion 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BP 
A)  decreased BP 
B)  increased renin secretion 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  angiotensin II 
E)  increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BP

Question 17

In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH levels decrease 
B)  renin levels increase 
C)  aldosterone levels increase 
D)  parathyroid hormone levels decrease 
E)  ADH levels increase 
A)  ADH levels decrease 
B)  renin levels increase 
C)  aldosterone levels increase 
D)  parathyroid hormone levels decrease 
E)  ADH levels increase

Question 18

Match the symptom with one of the causes.
-bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia 
A) hyperkalemia 
B) hypokalemia

Question 19

What is the main role of magnesium ions in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contraction 
B)  nerve impulse 
C)  blood clotting 
D)  cofactors for intracellular enzymes 
A)  muscle contraction 
B)  nerve impulse 
C)  blood clotting 
D)  cofactors for intracellular enzymes

Question 20

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in respiration rate 
B)  a decrease in respiration rate 
C)  no change in respiration rate 
A)  an increase in respiration rate 
B)  a decrease in respiration rate 
C)  no change in respiration rate

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) calcium absorption from intestine when vitamin D is present; (2) calcium absorption from intestine when vitamin D is absent

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -excessive PTH secretion

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -excessive vitamin D

-The diagram illustrates respiratory control of blood pH. What does "A" represent?

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -decreased PTH secretion

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

As a result of hyperventilation,

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "C" represent?

In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Match the symptom with one of the causes. -bradycardia

What is the main role of magnesium ions in the body?

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

The K⁺ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K⁺ levels will cause