Question 1

Most of the calcium in the body is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  bones. 
B)  plasma. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  GI tract. 
E)  extracellular fluid. 
A)  bones. 
B)  plasma. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  GI tract. 
E)  extracellular fluid.

Question 2

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Accepted Answer

A)  increases thirst. 
B)  inhibits ADH. 
C)  increases renin secretion. 
D)  increases aldosterone secretion. 
E)  decreases thirst. 
A)  increases thirst. 
B)  inhibits ADH. 
C)  increases renin secretion. 
D)  increases aldosterone secretion. 
E)  decreases thirst.

Question 3

Potassium secretion in the renal tubules is regulated by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Potassium secretion in the renal tubules is...

Question 4

Sensible perspiration

Accepted Answer

A)  contains only water. 
B)  is water lost through simple evaporation. 
C)  is secreted by the sweat glands. 
D)  is invisible on the skin. 
E)  is secreted by salivary glands. 
A)  contains only water. 
B)  is water lost through simple evaporation. 
C)  is secreted by the sweat glands. 
D)  is invisible on the skin. 
E)  is secreted by salivary glands.

Question 5

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial 
C)  intracellular 
D)  extracellular 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial 
C)  intracellular 
D)  extracellular 
E)  cytoplasm

Question 6

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Accepted Answer

A)  urine volume. 
B)  ADH secretion. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  the reabsorption of sodium ions. 
E)  blood volume. 
A)  urine volume. 
B)  ADH secretion. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  the reabsorption of sodium ions. 
E)  blood volume.

Question 7

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of channels in the membrane 
B)  presence of lipids in the membrane 
C)  being selectively permeable 
D)  high sodium concentration inside the cell 
A)  presence of channels in the membrane 
B)  presence of lipids in the membrane 
C)  being selectively permeable 
D)  high sodium concentration inside the cell

Question 8

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium is excreted by the kidney. 
B)  large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested. 
C)  carbonic acid is formed. 
D)  the respiratory rate decreases. 
E)  carbon dioxide levels increase. 
A)  sodium is excreted by the kidney. 
B)  large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested. 
C)  carbonic acid is formed. 
D)  the respiratory rate decreases. 
E)  carbon dioxide levels increase.

Question 9

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Accepted Answer

A)  bones, heart, and blood. 
B)  kidney, liver, and spleen. 
C)  intestine, kidneys, and bone. 
D)  liver, stomach, and small intestine. 
E)  stomach, pancreas, and bone. 
A)  bones, heart, and blood. 
B)  kidney, liver, and spleen. 
C)  intestine, kidneys, and bone. 
D)  liver, stomach, and small intestine. 
E)  stomach, pancreas, and bone.

Question 10

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-hyperventilation

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 11

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-water loss due to diabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia 
A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia

Question 12

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-vitamin D deficiency

Accepted Answer

A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia 
A) hypocalcemia 
B) hypercalcemia

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A)  increases plasma osmolality. 
B)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
C)  increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D)  causes the production of a large volume of urine. 
E)  increases urine volume. 
A)  increases plasma osmolality. 
B)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
C)  increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D)  causes the production of a large volume of urine. 
E)  increases urine volume.

Question 14

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 15

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-oversecretion of aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia 
A) hypernatremia 
B) hyponatremia

Question 16

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the hematocrit. 
B)  decrease ADH production. 
C)  increase the blood pressure. 
D)  increase the osmolality of body fluids. 
E)  decrease the osmolality of body fluids. 
A)  decrease the hematocrit. 
B)  decrease ADH production. 
C)  increase the blood pressure. 
D)  increase the osmolality of body fluids. 
E)  decrease the osmolality of body fluids.

Question 17

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  filtration. 
C)  facilitated diffusion. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  endocytosis. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  filtration. 
C)  facilitated diffusion. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  endocytosis.

Question 18

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  acids 
B)  bases 
C)  salts 
D)  glucose 
E)  water 
A)  acids 
B)  bases 
C)  salts 
D)  glucose 
E)  water

Question 19

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are high; (2) amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are low

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 20

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization is prevented. 
B)  PTH production is reduced. 
C)  blood calcium levels are increased. 
D)  neuromuscular excitability increases. 
E)  neuromuscular excitability decreases. 
A)  depolarization is prevented. 
B)  PTH production is reduced. 
C)  blood calcium levels are increased. 
D)  neuromuscular excitability increases. 
E)  neuromuscular excitability decreases.

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Most of the calcium in the body is in the

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Potassium secretion in the renal tubules is regulated by __________.

Sensible perspiration

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -hyperventilation

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -water loss due to diabetes mellitus

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -vitamin D deficiency

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -oversecretion of aldosterone

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are high; (2) amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are low

In hypocalcemia,

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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