Question 1

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood velocity 
B)  decreased renin production 
C)  increased plasma osmolality 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  decreased plasma osmolality 
A)  increased blood velocity 
B)  decreased renin production 
C)  increased plasma osmolality 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  decreased plasma osmolality

Question 2

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal pyramid. 
A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal pyramid.

Question 3

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  renal capsule. 
D)  renal pyramid. 
E)  renal corpuscle. 
A)  hilum. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  renal capsule. 
D)  renal pyramid. 
E)  renal corpuscle.

Question 4

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  the glomerulus 
B)  the loop of Henle 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  the glomerulus 
B)  the loop of Henle 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in kidney size 
B)  loss of nephrons 
C)  decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D)  a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis 
A)  decrease in kidney size 
B)  loss of nephrons 
C)  decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D)  a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 6

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation.
-the fate of 99% of the filtrate

Accepted Answer

A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion

Question 7

The renal corpuscle consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E)  afferent and efferent arteriole. 
A)  the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E)  afferent and efferent arteriole.

Question 8

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B)  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D)  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E)  glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
A)  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B)  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D)  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E)  glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH production. 
B)  insulin production. 
C)  aldosterone production. 
D)  angiotensin II production. 
E)  glucagon production. 
A)  ADH production. 
B)  insulin production. 
C)  aldosterone production. 
D)  angiotensin II production. 
E)  glucagon production.

Question 10

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium ions. 
B)  chloride ions. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  potassium ions. 
B)  chloride ions. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  sodium.

Question 11

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C)  completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D)  actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C)  completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D)  actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 12

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertension. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  decreased ADH secretion. 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion. 
E)  fluid balance. 
A)  hypertension. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  decreased ADH secretion. 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion. 
E)  fluid balance.

Question 13

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL 
B)  300 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL 
A)  100 mL 
B)  300 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL

Question 14

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

Accepted Answer

A)  constriction of the glomerulus 
B)  dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C)  dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D)  constriction of the afferent arteriole 
A)  constriction of the glomerulus 
B)  dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C)  dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D)  constriction of the afferent arteriole

Question 15

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-renal pyramid

Accepted Answer

A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney 
A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney

Question 16

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the capillary pores. 
B)  the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. 
C)  the size of the proteins. 
D)  filtration pressure. 
E)  the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins. 
A)  the size of the capillary pores. 
B)  the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. 
C)  the size of the proteins. 
D)  filtration pressure. 
E)  the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins.

Question 17

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B)  tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C)  tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D)  tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman's capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E)  tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate. 
A)  tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B)  tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C)  tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D)  tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman's capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E)  tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate.

Question 18

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased secretion 
B)  decreased secretion 
C)  no change in secretion 
A)  increased secretion 
B)  decreased secretion 
C)  no change in secretion

Question 19

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  inulin. 
D)  protein. 
E)  ammonia. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  inulin. 
D)  protein. 
E)  ammonia.

Question 20

Filtration slits is the name given to the

Accepted Answer

A)  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B)  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. 
D)  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E)  active transport channels. 
A)  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B)  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. 
D)  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E)  active transport channels.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -the fate of 99% of the filtrate

The renal corpuscle consists of

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

Urea is

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -renal pyramid

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Filtration slits is the name given to the

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