Question 1

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  arcuate artery 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  interlobular artery 
E)  afferent arteriole 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  arcuate artery 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  interlobular artery 
E)  afferent arteriole

Question 2

Match the hormone with the function.
-ADH

Accepted Answer

A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine 
A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine

Question 3

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing tubular renin production. 
B)  increasing tubular permeability. 
C)  increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. 
D)  increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium. 
E)  decreasing tubular permeability. 
A)  increasing tubular renin production. 
B)  increasing tubular permeability. 
C)  increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. 
D)  increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium. 
E)  decreasing tubular permeability.

Question 4

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration pressure. 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney. 
E)  blood pressure. 
A)  filtration pressure. 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney. 
E)  blood pressure.

Question 5

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation.
-plasma minus blood cells and proteins that enter renal tubules

Accepted Answer

A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion

Question 6

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

Accepted Answer

A)  trigone. 
B)  lamina propria. 
C)  external urinary sphincter. 
D)  internal urinary sphincter. 
E)  involuntary portion of bladder control. 
A)  trigone. 
B)  lamina propria. 
C)  external urinary sphincter. 
D)  internal urinary sphincter. 
E)  involuntary portion of bladder control.

Question 7

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum. 
A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum.

Question 9

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  secretion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  excretion. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  secretion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  excretion.

Question 10

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-hilum

Accepted Answer

A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney 
A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney

Question 11

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose
(2) establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
(3) sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
(4) active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 1, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  2, 1, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 12

Choose the one that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 13

Aldosterone targets cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  glomerulus. 
E)  collecting duct. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  glomerulus. 
E)  collecting duct.

Question 14

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  Bowman's capsule 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  Bowman's capsule 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  ADH inhibitors. 
A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  ADH inhibitors.

Question 16

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

Accepted Answer

A)  urea with water. 
B)  potassium with amino acids. 
C)  amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D)  glucose molecules with sodium ions. 
E)  chloride with potassium. 
A)  urea with water. 
B)  potassium with amino acids. 
C)  amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D)  glucose molecules with sodium ions. 
E)  chloride with potassium.

Question 17

Filtrate reabsorption, which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced, is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  active. 
B)  obligatory. 
C)  facultative. 
D)  countercurrent. 
E)  nonessential. 
A)  active. 
B)  obligatory. 
C)  facultative. 
D)  countercurrent. 
E)  nonessential.

Question 18

Match the hormone with its effect on blood pressure.
-atrial natriuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) ↑ BP 
B) ↓ BP 
A) ↑ BP 
B) ↓ BP

Question 19

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  renal artery. 
C)  macula densa. 
D)  efferent arteriole. 
E)  arcuate artery. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  renal artery. 
C)  macula densa. 
D)  efferent arteriole. 
E)  arcuate artery.

Question 20

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb glucose. 
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule. 
C)  actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions. 
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. 
E)  do not alter their permeability to water. 
A)  reabsorb glucose. 
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule. 
C)  actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions. 
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. 
E)  do not alter their permeability to water.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Match the hormone with the function. -ADH

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -plasma minus blood cells and proteins that enter renal tubules

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "C" represent?

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -hilum

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose (2) establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3) sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4) active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area

Choose the one that does not belong.

Aldosterone targets cells in the

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

Filtrate reabsorption, which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced, is referred to as

Match the hormone with its effect on blood pressure. -atrial natriuretic hormone

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

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