Question 1

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in filtration volume 
B)  anuria - no urine production 
C)  necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D)  low protein levels in the filtrate 
E)  no change in the filtrate 
A)  increase in filtration volume 
B)  anuria - no urine production 
C)  necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D)  low protein levels in the filtrate 
E)  no change in the filtrate

Question 2

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-urethra

Accepted Answer

A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney 
A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney

Question 3

-What does "A" on the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ureters 
B)  urethra 
C)  right and left kidneys 
D)  adrenal glands 
E)  urinary bladder 
A)  ureters 
B)  urethra 
C)  right and left kidneys 
D)  adrenal glands 
E)  urinary bladder

Question 4

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  95% 
E)  100% 
A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  95% 
E)  100%

Question 5

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased; (2) K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 6

The renal corpuscle connects to the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  renal convoluted tubule. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  renal convoluted tubule. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 7

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) GFR (glomerular filtration rate) when the efferent arteriole is constricted; (2) GFR (glomerular filtration rate) when efferent arteriole is dilated

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 8

Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?

Accepted Answer

A)  osmotic diuretics 
B)  thiazide diuretics 
C)  potassium-sparing diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  ADH inhibitors 
A)  osmotic diuretics 
B)  thiazide diuretics 
C)  potassium-sparing diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  ADH inhibitors

Question 9

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation.
-an increase in aldosterone secretion promotes this

Accepted Answer

A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
A) filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion

Question 10

Increased aldosterone causes increased

Accepted Answer

A)  urine volume. 
B)  sodium secretion. 
C)  potassium secretion. 
D)  reabsorption of hydrogen ions. 
E)  filtrate formation. 
A)  urine volume. 
B)  sodium secretion. 
C)  potassium secretion. 
D)  reabsorption of hydrogen ions. 
E)  filtrate formation.

Question 11

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter

Question 12

The majority of water reabsorption from the filtrate occurs in the _____ ____ ______.

Accepted Answer

Proximal c

Question 13

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased bladder capacity. 
B)  voluntary micturition. 
C)  continuous dribbling of urine. 
D)  uncontrollable micturition. 
E)  lack of control of internal sphincter. 
A)  increased bladder capacity. 
B)  voluntary micturition. 
C)  continuous dribbling of urine. 
D)  uncontrollable micturition. 
E)  lack of control of internal sphincter.

Question 14

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrons. 
B)  podocytes. 
C)  nephrocytes. 
D)  juxtamedullary cells. 
E)  macula densa. 
A)  nephrons. 
B)  podocytes. 
C)  nephrocytes. 
D)  juxtamedullary cells. 
E)  macula densa.

Question 15

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3) increase in arterial blood pressure
(4) increase in urine production
(5) afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
B)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
C)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
A)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
B)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
C)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1

Question 16

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of

Accepted Answer

A)  urea. 
B)  water. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  chloride. 
A)  urea. 
B)  water. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  chloride.

Question 17

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 18

-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 19

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-renal column

Accepted Answer

A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney 
A) cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney 
B) anchors kidneys to abdominal wall 
C) cortical tissue between renal pyramids 
D) tube that opens into renal pelvis 
E) point where renal artery enters kidney

Question 20

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B)  angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin II. 
A)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B)  angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.

Exam 26: Urinary System

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Match the organ with the appropriate function. -urethra

-What does "A" on the diagram represent?

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased; (2) K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

The renal corpuscle connects to the

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) GFR (glomerular filtration rate) when the efferent arteriole is constricted; (2) GFR (glomerular filtration rate) when efferent arteriole is dilated

Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -an increase in aldosterone secretion promotes this

Increased aldosterone causes increased

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "B" represent?

The majority of water reabsorption from the filtrate occurs in the _____ ____ ______.

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) decreased sympathetic stimulation (2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3) increase in arterial blood pressure (4) increase in urine production (5) afferent arterioles dilate

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "A" represent?

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -renal column

Renin converts

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Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) K⁺ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased; (2) K⁺ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

The majority of water reabsorption from the filtrate occurs in the _ __.