Question 1

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Accepted Answer

A)  the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  the loop of Henle only. 
E)  both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta. 
A)  the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  the loop of Henle only. 
E)  both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.

Question 2

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  transitional epithelium 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
D)  stratified columnar epithelium 
A)  transitional epithelium 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
D)  stratified columnar epithelium

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyelonephritis 
B)  acute glomerular nephritis 
C)  chronic glomerular nephritis 
D)  acute renal failure 
E)  chronic renal failure 
A)  pyelonephritis 
B)  acute glomerular nephritis 
C)  chronic glomerular nephritis 
D)  acute renal failure 
E)  chronic renal failure

Question 4

-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 5

Urine formation involves

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration of the plasma. 
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate. 
C)  secretion into the filtrate. 
D)  production of red blood cells. 
E)  filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate. 
A)  filtration of the plasma. 
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate. 
C)  secretion into the filtrate. 
D)  production of red blood cells. 
E)  filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.

Question 6

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  the anterosuperior surface 
B)  the anteroinferior surface 
C)  the posteromedial surface 
D)  the posterolateral surface 
A)  the anterosuperior surface 
B)  the anteroinferior surface 
C)  the posteromedial surface 
D)  the posterolateral surface

Question 7

Formation of filtrate depends on a

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure gradient. 
B)  concentration gradient. 
C)  volume gradient. 
D)  temperature gradient. 
E)  osmotic gradient. 
A)  pressure gradient. 
B)  concentration gradient. 
C)  volume gradient. 
D)  temperature gradient. 
E)  osmotic gradient.

Question 8

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics. 
A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics.

Question 9

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney 
A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney

Question 10

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A)  quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B)  concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C)  concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D)  blood volume. 
E)  quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
A)  quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B)  concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C)  concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D)  blood volume. 
E)  quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.

Question 11

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma clearance 
B)  plasma osmolarity 
C)  tubular maximum 
D)  renal plasma flow 
E)  glomerular filtration rate 
A)  plasma clearance 
B)  plasma osmolarity 
C)  tubular maximum 
D)  renal plasma flow 
E)  glomerular filtration rate

Question 12

Match the hormone with the function.
-Atrial natriuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine 
A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine

Question 13

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  solvent drag. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  solvent drag. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 14

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
D)  calyces. 
E)  urethra. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
D)  calyces. 
E)  urethra.

Question 15

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen. 
B)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell. 
C)  sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell. 
D)  sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell. 
E)  sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell. 
A)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen. 
B)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell. 
C)  sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell. 
D)  sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell. 
E)  sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.

Question 16

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  afferent arteriole. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  peritubular capillary. 
E)  interlobular artery. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  afferent arteriole. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  peritubular capillary. 
E)  interlobular artery.

Question 17

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1) the length of the urethra in males; (2) the length of the urethra in females

Accepted Answer

A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 18

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
D)  simple columnar cells with microvilli and cilia 
A)  simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
D)  simple columnar cells with microvilli and cilia

Question 19

-What does "B" on the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ureters 
B)  urethra 
C)  right and left kidneys 
D)  adrenal glands 
E)  urinary bladder 
A)  ureters 
B)  urethra 
C)  right and left kidneys 
D)  adrenal glands 
E)  urinary bladder

Question 20

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid 
C)  movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid 
D)  active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct 
E)  urea movement into the collecting duct 
A)  movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid 
C)  movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid 
D)  active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct 
E)  urea movement into the collecting duct

Exam 26: Urinary System

A countercurrent mechanism is in

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "C" represent?

Urine formation involves

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

Formation of filtrate depends on a

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Match the organ with the appropriate function. -urinary bladder

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Match the hormone with the function. -Atrial natriuretic hormone

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) the length of the urethra in males; (2) the length of the urethra in females

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

-What does "B" on the diagram represent?

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

The Human Organism

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Joints and Movement

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Integration of Nervous System Functions

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Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

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Filters

Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as