Question 1

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  calyx tissue. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal columns. 
D)  medullary rays. 
E)  renal corpuscles. 
A)  calyx tissue. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal columns. 
D)  medullary rays. 
E)  renal corpuscles.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only sodium diffuses from the descending limb. 
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb. 
C)  Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported into the vasa recta. 
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through. 
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop. 
A)  Only sodium diffuses from the descending limb. 
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb. 
C)  Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported into the vasa recta. 
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through. 
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop.

Question 3

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A)  water can easily enter or leave. 
B)  potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane. 
C)  calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D)  potassium is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E)  the filtrate does not change. 
A)  water can easily enter or leave. 
B)  potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane. 
C)  calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D)  potassium is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E)  the filtrate does not change.

Question 4

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-filtration slits

Accepted Answer

A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids 
A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids

Question 5

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundus 
B)  the trigone 
C)  the neck 
D)  transitional epithelium 
A)  the fundus 
B)  the trigone 
C)  the neck 
D)  transitional epithelium

Question 6

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter

Question 7

In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased reabsorption of water. 
B)  increased reabsorption of sodium. 
C)  increased secretion of sodium. 
D)  increased urine output. 
E)  decreased urine output. 
A)  increased reabsorption of water. 
B)  increased reabsorption of sodium. 
C)  increased secretion of sodium. 
D)  increased urine output. 
E)  decreased urine output.

Question 8

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-arcuate arteries

Accepted Answer

A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids 
A) supplies blood to the glomerulus 
B) enlarged proximal end of nephron 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes 
D) plexus of capillaries around tubules 
E) arteries that arch over bases of the pyramids

Question 9

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Accepted Answer

A)  no energy is needed. 
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E)  water is secreted. 
A)  no energy is needed. 
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E)  water is secreted.

Question 10

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-ureter

Accepted Answer

A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney 
A) stores urine until voiding 
B) transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder 
C) organ that forms urine 
D) transports urine from bladder to outside of body 
E) basic functional unit of the kidney

Question 11

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport system. 
B)  countercurrent system. 
C)  cotransport system. 
D)  sorting system. 
E)  toy. 
A)  active transport system. 
B)  countercurrent system. 
C)  cotransport system. 
D)  sorting system. 
E)  toy.

Question 12

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-urine

Accepted Answer

A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate 
A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate

Question 13

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)  GFR increases 
B)  GFR decreases 
C)  GFR is not affected 
D)  GFR increases, then decreases 
A)  GFR increases 
B)  GFR decreases 
C)  GFR is not affected 
D)  GFR increases, then decreases

Question 14

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent arteriole. 
B)  wall of the right atrium. 
C)  proprioceptors. 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  efferent arteriole. 
B)  wall of the right atrium. 
C)  proprioceptors. 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 15

The countercurrent multiplier system

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in the collecting duct. 
B)  is assisted by hormones. 
C)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D)  maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
A)  is found in the collecting duct. 
B)  is assisted by hormones. 
C)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D)  maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid.

Question 16

Match the hormone with the function.
-aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine 
A) increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts 
B) affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct 
C) causes production of Angiotensin II 
D) acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion 
E) produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urine

Question 17

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery
(2) interlobular artery
(3) segmental artery
(4) arcuate artery
(5) afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 4, 2, 3, 5 
C)  3, 1, 2, 4, 5 
D)  2, 1, 3, 5, 4 
E)  1, 4, 3, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 4, 2, 3, 5 
C)  3, 1, 2, 4, 5 
D)  2, 1, 3, 5, 4 
E)  1, 4, 3, 2

Question 18

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "D" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  renal capsule 
E)  ureter

Question 19

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-filtration fraction

Accepted Answer

A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate 
A) amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute 
B) amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane 
C) movement of plasma across filtration membrane 
D) movement of substances from filtrate back into blood 
E) non-reabsorbed filtrate

Question 20

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  constriction of afferent arterioles. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  ADH secretion. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  constriction of afferent arterioles. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  ADH secretion. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Which of the following statements is true?

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -filtration slits

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "E" represent?

In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -arcuate arteries

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Match the organ with the appropriate function. -ureter

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Match the term with the appropriate definition. -urine

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

The countercurrent multiplier system

Match the hormone with the function. -aldosterone

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery (2) interlobular artery (3) segmental artery (4) arcuate artery (5) afferent arteriole

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "D" represent?

Match the term with the appropriate definition. -filtration fraction

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

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