Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an age related change in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of muscle strength 
B)  loss of synapse surface area 
C)  loss of fast-twitch fibers 
D)  decreased recovery time 
E)  decrease in motor units 
A)  loss of muscle strength 
B)  loss of synapse surface area 
C)  loss of fast-twitch fibers 
D)  decreased recovery time 
E)  decrease in motor units

Question 2

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle is capable of spontaneous contraction. 
B)  Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs. 
C)  Cardiac muscle cells have multiple nuclei. 
D)  Smooth muscle cells are long and cylindrical. 
E)  There is a small amount of smooth muscle in the heart. 
A)  Skeletal muscle is capable of spontaneous contraction. 
B)  Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs. 
C)  Cardiac muscle cells have multiple nuclei. 
D)  Smooth muscle cells are long and cylindrical. 
E)  There is a small amount of smooth muscle in the heart.

Question 3

Which type of respiraiton rapidly produces ATP for short time periods?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 4

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  I band - contains only actin 
B)  M line - middle of the H zone 
C)  Z disk - structure between adjacent sarcomeres 
D)  myosin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 
E)  actin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 
A)  I band - contains only actin 
B)  M line - middle of the H zone 
C)  Z disk - structure between adjacent sarcomeres 
D)  myosin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 
E)  actin myofilaments - thin myofilaments

Question 5

The length of the resting sarcomere is

Accepted Answer

A)  longer than the length of a contracted sarcomere. 
B)  shorter than the length of a contracted sarcomere. 
C)  the same length as a contracted sarcomere. 
D)  the same length as the muscle fiber. 
E)  the same length as the myofibril. 
A)  longer than the length of a contracted sarcomere. 
B)  shorter than the length of a contracted sarcomere. 
C)  the same length as a contracted sarcomere. 
D)  the same length as the muscle fiber. 
E)  the same length as the myofibril.

Question 6

In order for muscle relaxation to occur,

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ions must be transported to troponin. 
B)  power strokes slow down. 
C)  the active sites on actin must be blocked. 
D)  sodium ions must be actively transported to troponin. 
E)  the active sites on myosin must be uncovered. 
A)  calcium ions must be transported to troponin. 
B)  power strokes slow down. 
C)  the active sites on actin must be blocked. 
D)  sodium ions must be actively transported to troponin. 
E)  the active sites on myosin must be uncovered.

Question 7

Which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  perimysium 
B)  endomysium 
C)  epimysium 
D)  paramysium 
E)  sarcolemma 
A)  perimysium 
B)  endomysium 
C)  epimysium 
D)  paramysium 
E)  sarcolemma

Question 8

Sarcoplasm is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin. 
A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin.

Question 9

Which of the following helps explain the increased tension seen in multiple wave summation?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased motor unit recruitment 
B)  increased concentration of calcium ions around the myofibrils 
C)  exposure of more active sites on myosin myofilaments 
D)  the breakdown of elastic elements in the cell 
E)  decreased stimulus frequency 
A)  increased motor unit recruitment 
B)  increased concentration of calcium ions around the myofibrils 
C)  exposure of more active sites on myosin myofilaments 
D)  the breakdown of elastic elements in the cell 
E)  decreased stimulus frequency

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning types of muscle contractions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In isometric contractions, the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant. 
B)  In isotonic contractions, the muscle fibers shorten. 
C)  The contractile processes in isometric and isotonic contractions are the same. 
D)  Most skeletal muscle contractions are a combination of isometric and isotonic contractions. 
E)  In isotonic contractions, the amount of tension produced by the muscle fibers is constant during the contraction. 
A)  In isometric contractions, the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant. 
B)  In isotonic contractions, the muscle fibers shorten. 
C)  The contractile processes in isometric and isotonic contractions are the same. 
D)  Most skeletal muscle contractions are a combination of isometric and isotonic contractions. 
E)  In isotonic contractions, the amount of tension produced by the muscle fibers is constant during the contraction.

Question 11

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because

Accepted Answer

A)  of its positive electrical charge. 
B)  there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+. 
C)  protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane. 
D)  calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels. 
E)  there are more gated channels for K+. 
A)  of its positive electrical charge. 
B)  there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+. 
C)  protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane. 
D)  calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels. 
E)  there are more gated channels for K+.

Question 12

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal,

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ions diffuse into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated ion channels. 
B)  acetylcholine moves into the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  a local potential is generated in the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  ligand-gated ion channels in the presynaptic terminal are opened. 
E)  nothing else happens. 
A)  calcium ions diffuse into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated ion channels. 
B)  acetylcholine moves into the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  a local potential is generated in the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  ligand-gated ion channels in the presynaptic terminal are opened. 
E)  nothing else happens.

Question 13

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic muscle pain. 
B)  decreased size of muscle fibers. 
C)  spastic contractions of muscles. 
D)  replacement of muscle cells by connective tissue. 
E)  hypertrophy of muscle tissue. 
A)  chronic muscle pain. 
B)  decreased size of muscle fibers. 
C)  spastic contractions of muscles. 
D)  replacement of muscle cells by connective tissue. 
E)  hypertrophy of muscle tissue.

Question 14

The sarcolemma is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin. 
A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin.

Question 15

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  are under involuntary control. 
B)  are striated. 
C)  are widely distributed in the body. 
D)  have multiple nuclei. 
E)  are under voluntary control. 
A)  are under involuntary control. 
B)  are striated. 
C)  are widely distributed in the body. 
D)  have multiple nuclei. 
E)  are under voluntary control.

Question 16

List the following structures in order from smallest to largest. (1) muscle fiber
(2) myofilament
(3) myofibril
(4) muscle fasciculus

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 2, 3, 1 
B)  2, 1, 4, 3 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  2, 3, 1, 4 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  4, 2, 3, 1 
B)  2, 1, 4, 3 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  2, 3, 1, 4 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes myoglobin's special function in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  breaks down glycogen 
B)  synthesizes ATP 
C)  acts as a reservoir for oxygen 
D)  produces action potentials 
E)  stores glucose 
A)  breaks down glycogen 
B)  synthesizes ATP 
C)  acts as a reservoir for oxygen 
D)  produces action potentials 
E)  stores glucose

Question 18

The stretch of elastic components of a muscle adds to the increased tension during

Accepted Answer

A)  incomplete tetanus. 
B)  twitch. 
C)  multiple wave summation. 
D)  all or none response. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  incomplete tetanus. 
B)  twitch. 
C)  multiple wave summation. 
D)  all or none response. 
E)  none of these.

Question 19

What type of muscle tissue causes vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  cardiac muscle 
A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  cardiac muscle

Question 20

Increased strength of a trained muscle is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased number of muscle fibers. 
B)  the nervous system's ability to recruit a large number of motor units simultaneously. 
C)  elimination of unnecessary enzymes and metabolic pathways. 
D)  elimination of all fat deposits. 
E)  elimination of unnecessary connective tissue. 
A)  an increased number of muscle fibers. 
B)  the nervous system's ability to recruit a large number of motor units simultaneously. 
C)  elimination of unnecessary enzymes and metabolic pathways. 
D)  elimination of all fat deposits. 
E)  elimination of unnecessary connective tissue.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Which of the following is NOT an age related change in skeletal muscle?

Which of the following is true?

Which type of respiraiton rapidly produces ATP for short time periods?

Which of the following is mismatched?

The length of the resting sarcomere is

In order for muscle relaxation to occur,

Which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others?

Sarcoplasm is the

Which of the following helps explain the increased tension seen in multiple wave summation?

Which of the following statements concerning types of muscle contractions is false?

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal,

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by

The sarcolemma is the

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they both

List the following structures in order from smallest to largest. (1) muscle fiber (2) myofilament (3) myofibril (4) muscle fasciculus

Which of the following correctly describes myoglobin's special function in muscle tissue?

The stretch of elastic components of a muscle adds to the increased tension during

What type of muscle tissue causes vasoconstriction?

Increased strength of a trained muscle is due to

The Human Organism

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