Question 1

The condition of painful, spasmodic contractions of muscles is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cramps. 
B)  fibrositis. 
C)  fibromyalgia. 
D)  muscular dystrophy. 
E)  paralysis. 
A)  cramps. 
B)  fibrositis. 
C)  fibromyalgia. 
D)  muscular dystrophy. 
E)  paralysis.

Question 2

The model that describes the contraction of the muscle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction cycle. 
B)  power stroke. 
C)  sliding filament model. 
D)  slipping fibril mechanism. 
E)  paddle model. 
A)  contraction cycle. 
B)  power stroke. 
C)  sliding filament model. 
D)  slipping fibril mechanism. 
E)  paddle model.

Question 3

What is the power stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Question 4

Arrange these structures as they participate in excitation-contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules, sarcolemma, calcium ions, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions 
D)  sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma 
E)  sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules 
A)  T tubules, sarcolemma, calcium ions, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions 
D)  sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma 
E)  sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules

Question 5

What are caveolae?

Accepted Answer

A)  can rapidly develop action potentials 
B)  shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C)  relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D)  intracellular cytoskeleton 
E)  enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin 
A)  can rapidly develop action potentials 
B)  shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C)  relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D)  intracellular cytoskeleton 
E)  enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin

Question 6

In which type of respiration does lactic acid build up in muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  body movement 
B)  maintenance of posture 
C)  respiration 
D)  constriction of organs 
E)  production of heat 
A)  body movement 
B)  maintenance of posture 
C)  respiration 
D)  constriction of organs 
E)  production of heat

Question 8

-What does "A" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold 
B)  depolarization 
C)  depolarization phase of action potential 
D)  repolarization phase of action potential 
A)  threshold 
B)  depolarization 
C)  depolarization phase of action potential 
D)  repolarization phase of action potential

Question 9

Complete tetanus

Accepted Answer

A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 10

Tetanus of a muscle is thought to be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  high calcium ion concentrations in the sarcoplasm. 
B)  the rapid movement of sodium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  an increase in stimulus strength. 
D)  increased temperature in the active muscle. 
E)  decreased amounts of calcium ions in muscle tissue. 
A)  high calcium ion concentrations in the sarcoplasm. 
B)  the rapid movement of sodium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  an increase in stimulus strength. 
D)  increased temperature in the active muscle. 
E)  decreased amounts of calcium ions in muscle tissue.

Question 11

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  actin myofilaments. 
C)  Z disks. 
D)  T tubules. 
E)  myosin myofilaments. 
A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  actin myofilaments. 
C)  Z disks. 
D)  T tubules. 
E)  myosin myofilaments.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They split ATP rapidly. 
B)  They have large deposits of myoglobin. 
C)  They are well adapted to aerobic metabolism. 
D)  They have a well-developed blood supply. 
E)  They have many mitochondria. 
A)  They split ATP rapidly. 
B)  They have large deposits of myoglobin. 
C)  They are well adapted to aerobic metabolism. 
D)  They have a well-developed blood supply. 
E)  They have many mitochondria.

Question 13

Aerobic exercise

Accepted Answer

A)  increases vascularity of muscle. 
B)  develops fatigue-resistant fast-twitch fibers. 
C)  can increase the efficiency of slow-twitch fibers. 
D)  can increase the number of mitochondria in muscle cells. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  increases vascularity of muscle. 
B)  develops fatigue-resistant fast-twitch fibers. 
C)  can increase the efficiency of slow-twitch fibers. 
D)  can increase the number of mitochondria in muscle cells. 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is part of a thin myofilament?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP-binding site 
B)  globular (G) actin 
C)  calcium 
D)  myosin 
E)  sarcolemma 
A)  ATP-binding site 
B)  globular (G) actin 
C)  calcium 
D)  myosin 
E)  sarcolemma

Question 15

Multiunit smooth muscle is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrocnemius. 
B)  wall of the GI tract. 
C)  wall of blood vessels. 
D)  wall of the heart. 
E)  reproductive system. 
A)  gastrocnemius. 
B)  wall of the GI tract. 
C)  wall of blood vessels. 
D)  wall of the heart. 
E)  reproductive system.

Question 16

An isometric contraction is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 17

When the myosin head flexes into a bend, pulling the actin filament along with it, this is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  action reaction. 
B)  power stroke. 
C)  recovery stroke. 
D)  muscle tone. 
E)  action potential. 
A)  action reaction. 
B)  power stroke. 
C)  recovery stroke. 
D)  muscle tone. 
E)  action potential.

Question 18

Smooth muscle is regulated by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the autonomic nervous system. 
B)  neurotransmitters. 
C)  the somatic nervous system. 
D)  hormones. 
E)  prostaglandins. 
A)  the autonomic nervous system. 
B)  neurotransmitters. 
C)  the somatic nervous system. 
D)  hormones. 
E)  prostaglandins.

Question 19

Which type of respiration produces ATP molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 20

Multiple wave summation

Accepted Answer

A)  is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

The condition of painful, spasmodic contractions of muscles is referred to as

The model that describes the contraction of the muscle is called the

What is the power stroke?

Arrange these structures as they participate in excitation-contraction.

What are caveolae?

In which type of respiration does lactic acid build up in muscle fibers?

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

-What does "A" represent on the diagram?

Complete tetanus

Tetanus of a muscle is thought to be caused by

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true?

Aerobic exercise

Which of the following is part of a thin myofilament?

Multiunit smooth muscle is located in the

An isometric contraction is described as

When the myosin head flexes into a bend, pulling the actin filament along with it, this is called the

Smooth muscle is regulated by all of the following except

Which type of respiration produces ATP molecules?

Multiple wave summation

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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