Question 1

The cyclic structures of monosaccharides are which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetals 
B)  hemiacetals 
C)  ethers 
D)  esters 
A)  acetals 
B)  hemiacetals 
C)  ethers 
D)  esters

Question 2

How many different D-2-ketopentoses are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed. 
B)  Hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyaldehydes. 
C)  Hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyketones. 
D)  Hydrolysis of carbohydrates can yield polyhydroxyaldehydes and/or polyhydroxyketones. 
A)  Carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed. 
B)  Hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyaldehydes. 
C)  Hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyketones. 
D)  Hydrolysis of carbohydrates can yield polyhydroxyaldehydes and/or polyhydroxyketones.

Question 4

Including pairs of enantiomers, how many different trioses are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 5

Approximately how many infants are born with galactosemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 in 1.8 × 102 
B)  1 in 1.8 × 104 
C)  1 in 1.8 × 103 
D)  1 in 1.8 × 105 
A)  1 in 1.8 × 102 
B)  1 in 1.8 × 104 
C)  1 in 1.8 × 103 
D)  1 in 1.8 × 105

Question 6

When glucose adopts a pyranose structure which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6 
A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6

Question 7

In hyaluronic acid how is N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked to D-glucuronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  by an α(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
B)  by an α(1 → 4) glycosidic bond 
C)  by a β(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
D)  by a β(1 → 4) glycosidic bond 
A)  by an α(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
B)  by an α(1 → 4) glycosidic bond 
C)  by a β(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
D)  by a β(1 → 4) glycosidic bond

Question 8

Glycosides are examples of which class of compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetals 
B)  hemiacetals 
C)  ethers 
D)  esters 
A)  acetals 
B)  hemiacetals 
C)  ethers 
D)  esters

Question 9

What is the charge on glucose 6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  −1 
C)  −2 
D)  −3 
A)  0 
B)  −1 
C)  −2 
D)  −3

Question 10

Which of the following determines blood type O in the ABO blood typing system?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of only N-acetyl-D-galactosamine antigen 
B)  the presence of only N-acetyl-D-galactose antigen 
C)  the presence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactose antigens 
D)  the absence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactose antigens 
A)  the presence of only N-acetyl-D-galactosamine antigen 
B)  the presence of only N-acetyl-D-galactose antigen 
C)  the presence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactose antigens 
D)  the absence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactose antigens

Question 11

Which of the following is a generally mild disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  galactosemia 
B)  galactosuria 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  galactosemia 
B)  galactosuria 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 12

In hyaluronic acid how is D-glucuronic acid linked to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  by an α(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
B)  by an α(1 → 4) glycosidic bond 
C)  by a β(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
D)  by a β(1 → 4) glycosidic bond 
A)  by an α(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
B)  by an α(1 → 4) glycosidic bond 
C)  by a β(1 → 3) glycosidic bond 
D)  by a β(1 → 4) glycosidic bond

Question 13

Which sugar is the starting material used by plants to synthesize vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

A)  D-fructose 
B)  L-fructose 
C)  D-glucose 
D)  L-glucose 
A)  D-fructose 
B)  L-fructose 
C)  D-glucose 
D)  L-glucose

Question 14

Including pairs of enantiomers, how many different aldohexoses are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16

Question 15

Which of the following carbohydrates is associated with crustacean shells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  chitin 
C)  glucose 
D)  glycogen 
A)  cellulose 
B)  chitin 
C)  glucose 
D)  glycogen

Question 16

An α(1 → 2) glycosidic bond is found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose 
B)  maltose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  none of these 
A)  lactose 
B)  maltose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  none of these

Question 17

When fructose adopts a furanose structure which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6 
A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6

Question 18

Examine the following structures.         A B C D Which substance would be classified as an aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  None of these is an aldopentose. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  None of these is an aldopentose.

Question 19

Which of following describes a solution in which the α and β anomers of glucose have reached equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are equal amounts of the two anomers. 
B)  The solution shows no optical activity. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  There are equal amounts of the two anomers. 
B)  The solution shows no optical activity. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 20

When an aldohexose such as glucose adopts the pyranose structure which atoms are connected by an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 and C-5 
B)  C-1 and C-6 
C)  C-2 and C-5 
D)  C-2 and C-6 
A)  C-1 and C-5 
B)  C-1 and C-6 
C)  C-2 and C-5 
D)  C-2 and C-6

Exam 20: Carbohydrates

The cyclic structures of monosaccharides are which of the following?

How many different D-2-ketopentoses are there?

Which of the following is true of the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

Including pairs of enantiomers, how many different trioses are there?

Approximately how many infants are born with galactosemia?

When glucose adopts a pyranose structure which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

In hyaluronic acid how is N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked to D-glucuronic acid?

Glycosides are examples of which class of compounds?

What is the charge on glucose 6-phosphate?

Which of the following determines blood type O in the ABO blood typing system?

Which of the following is a generally mild disease?

In hyaluronic acid how is D-glucuronic acid linked to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine?

Which sugar is the starting material used by plants to synthesize vitamin C?

Including pairs of enantiomers, how many different aldohexoses are there?

Which of the following carbohydrates is associated with crustacean shells?

An α(1 → 2) glycosidic bond is found in which of the following?

When fructose adopts a furanose structure which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Examine the following structures. A B C D Which substance would be classified as an aldohexose?

Which of following describes a solution in which the α and β anomers of glucose have reached equilibrium?

When an aldohexose such as glucose adopts the pyranose structure which atoms are connected by an oxygen atom?

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