Question 1

Which of the following contains β(1 → 4) glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  cellulose 
D)  all of these 
A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  cellulose 
D)  all of these C

Question 2

Examine the following ball-and-stick model. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled with the symbol of the element.   Which of the following is also a representation of this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)  D-configuration 
D)  All are correct representations. 
A)    
B)    
C)  D-configuration 
D)  All are correct representations. D

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the glycosidic bonds in heparin?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all α(1 → 4). 
B)  They are all β(1 → 4). 
C)  The α(1 → 4) and β(1 → 4)bonds alternate. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
A)  They are all α(1 → 4). 
B)  They are all β(1 → 4). 
C)  The α(1 → 4) and β(1 → 4)bonds alternate. 
D)  None of the above is true. C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of hyaluronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an oligosaccharide. 
B)  It has a formula weight of 1 × 105 g/mol. 
C)  It has a formula weight of 1 × 107 g/mol. 
D)  It has a large range of formula weights, from of 1 × 105 to 1 × 107 g/mol. 
A)  It is an oligosaccharide. 
B)  It has a formula weight of 1 × 105 g/mol. 
C)  It has a formula weight of 1 × 107 g/mol. 
D)  It has a large range of formula weights, from of 1 × 105 to 1 × 107 g/mol.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the α and β anomers of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both rotate light to the right (i.e. +), but not to the same extent. 
B)  They are equally stable. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  They both rotate light to the right (i.e. +), but not to the same extent. 
B)  They are equally stable. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with the projections commonly used to illustrate furanoses and pyranoses?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. Fischer 
B)  W. Haworth 
C)  L. Pauling 
D)  L. Pasteur 
A)  E. Fischer 
B)  W. Haworth 
C)  L. Pauling 
D)  L. Pasteur

Question 7

Approximately how much glycogen is stored by a well-nourished healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  250 g 
B)  350 g 
C)  450 g 
D)  550 g 
A)  250 g 
B)  350 g 
C)  450 g 
D)  550 g

Question 8

Which of the following is true of heparin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an oligosaccharide. 
B)  It has a formula weight of 6,000 g/mol. 
C)  It has a formula weight of 30,000 g/mol. 
D)  It has a range of formula weights, from of 6,000 to 30,000 g/mol. 
A)  It is an oligosaccharide. 
B)  It has a formula weight of 6,000 g/mol. 
C)  It has a formula weight of 30,000 g/mol. 
D)  It has a range of formula weights, from of 6,000 to 30,000 g/mol.

Question 9

When ribose adopts a furanose structure which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6 
A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6

Question 10

Examine the following structure.   If this substance is treated with NaBH4, what type of functional group will be produced in the product?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  carboxylic acid 
C)  carboxylate anion 
D)  This substance does not react with NaBH4. 
A)  alcohol 
B)  carboxylic acid 
C)  carboxylate anion 
D)  This substance does not react with NaBH4.

Question 11

What reaction occurs when glucose is converted to glucuronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction at C-1 
B)  oxidation at C-1 
C)  reduction at C-6 
D)  oxidation at C-6 
A)  reduction at C-1 
B)  oxidation at C-1 
C)  reduction at C-6 
D)  oxidation at C-6

Question 12

Which of the following determines blood type A in the ABO blood typing system?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of only N-acetyl-D-galactosamine antigen 
B)  the presence of only D-galactose antigen 
C)  the presence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose antigens 
D)  the absence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose antigens 
A)  the presence of only N-acetyl-D-galactosamine antigen 
B)  the presence of only D-galactose antigen 
C)  the presence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose antigens 
D)  the absence of both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose antigens

Question 13

When a ketohexose such as fructose adopts the furanose structure which atoms are connected by an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 and C-5 
B)  C-1 and C-6 
C)  C-2 and C-5 
D)  C-2 and C-6 
A)  C-1 and C-5 
B)  C-1 and C-6 
C)  C-2 and C-5 
D)  C-2 and C-6

Question 14

How many different D-aldopentoses are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16

Question 15

The sugars in RNA and DNA are ribose and deoxyribose respectively. Which of the following describes the relationship between these two sugars?

Accepted Answer

A)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-1 of ribose. 
B)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-2 of ribose. 
C)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-3 of ribose. 
D)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-4 of ribose. 
A)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-1 of ribose. 
B)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-2 of ribose. 
C)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-3 of ribose. 
D)  In deoxyribose the oxygen lost is from the hydroxyl on C-4 of ribose.

Question 16

To which carbon of a monosaccharide is the amino group bound in the amino sugars commonly found in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6 
A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-5 
D)  C-6

Question 17

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of an aldopentose?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 18

Which of the following is the sweetest?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose 
B)  honey 
C)  maltose 
D)  sucrose 
A)  fructose 
B)  honey 
C)  maltose 
D)  sucrose

Question 19

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 20

Which of the following reagents is capable of hydrolyzing glycosides?

Accepted Answer

A)  acids 
B)  bases 
C)  water 
D)  all of these 
A)  acids 
B)  bases 
C)  water 
D)  all of these

Exam 20: Carbohydrates

Which of the following contains β(1 → 4) glycosidic bonds?

Examine the following ball-and-stick model. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled with the symbol of the element. Which of the following is also a representation of this substance?

Which of the following is true of the glycosidic bonds in heparin?

Which of the following is true of hyaluronic acid?

Which of the following is true of the α and β anomers of glucose?

Which of the following is associated with the projections commonly used to illustrate furanoses and pyranoses?

Approximately how much glycogen is stored by a well-nourished healthy adult?

Which of the following is true of heparin?

When ribose adopts a furanose structure which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Examine the following structure. If this substance is treated with NaBH4, what type of functional group will be produced in the product?

What reaction occurs when glucose is converted to glucuronic acid?

Which of the following determines blood type A in the ABO blood typing system?

When a ketohexose such as fructose adopts the furanose structure which atoms are connected by an oxygen atom?

How many different D-aldopentoses are there?

The sugars in RNA and DNA are ribose and deoxyribose respectively. Which of the following describes the relationship between these two sugars?

To which carbon of a monosaccharide is the amino group bound in the amino sugars commonly found in nature?

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of an aldopentose?

Which of the following is the sweetest?

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde?

Which of the following reagents is capable of hydrolyzing glycosides?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atoms

Chemical Bonds

Chemical Reactions

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions and Colloids

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Alkanes

Alkenes and Alkynes

Benzene and Its Derivatives

Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols

Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes

Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy

Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

Biosynthetic Pathways

Nutrition

Immunochemistry

Body Fluids

Filters

Examine the following structure. If this substance is treated with NaBH₄, what type of functional group will be produced in the product?