Question 1

Approximately what percentage of the electricity produced in the United States comes from nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  15% 
C)  35% 
D)  55% 
A)  5% 
B)  15% 
C)  35% 
D)  55% B

Question 2

Which of the following radioisotopes is used in PET scans?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-14 
B)  F-18 
C)  H-3 
D)  P-32 
A)  C-14 
B)  F-18 
C)  H-3 
D)  P-32 B

Question 3

What is the purpose of boron in nuclear reactors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boron absorbs neutrons to control the reaction. 
B)  Boron is the fissionable fuel. 
C)  Boron is the source of neutrons. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Boron absorbs neutrons to control the reaction. 
B)  Boron is the fissionable fuel. 
C)  Boron is the source of neutrons. 
D)  none of the above A

Question 4

Nuclear wastes are stored both at the sites of power plants and at special facilities maintained by the Department of Energy. What is the approximate amount of waste stored on site at power plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 metric tons 
B)  5000 metric tons 
C)  50,000 metric tons 
D)  500,000 metric tons 
A)  500 metric tons 
B)  5000 metric tons 
C)  50,000 metric tons 
D)  500,000 metric tons

Question 5

The federal government has developed a plan to store nuclear wastes at an underground site in which state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arizona 
B)  Montana 
C)  Nevada 
D)  Wyoming 
A)  Arizona 
B)  Montana 
C)  Nevada 
D)  Wyoming

Question 6

How does a fission reactor produce electricity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fission reaction produces electricity directly. 
B)  The heat from the fission reaction is used to produce steam, which then drives a turbine. 
C)  either a or b depending on the type of reactor 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  The fission reaction produces electricity directly. 
B)  The heat from the fission reaction is used to produce steam, which then drives a turbine. 
C)  either a or b depending on the type of reactor 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 7

Which of the following occur during an uncontrolled fission chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A heavy nucleus is broken into smaller nuclei 
B)  More protons are produced than are consumed 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  A heavy nucleus is broken into smaller nuclei 
B)  More protons are produced than are consumed 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 8

Examine the following figure.  
-Which line represents the type of radiation involved in PET scans using   ?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  None of the lines since   is a positron emitter. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  None of the lines since   is a positron emitter.

Question 9

Which of the following scientists discovered radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  H. Becquerel 
B)  M. Curie 
C)  A. Einstein 
D)  E. Rutherford 
A)  H. Becquerel 
B)  M. Curie 
C)  A. Einstein 
D)  E. Rutherford

Question 10

The half-life of I-131 is 8.00 days. If a medical treatment involves a dose of 400. mg of I-131, how much of the isotope remains after 32.0 days?

Accepted Answer

A)  200. mg 
B) 100. mg 
C)  50.0 mg 
D)  25.0 mg 
A)  200. mg 
B) 100. mg 
C)  50.0 mg 
D)  25.0 mg

Question 11

Which of the following is typically the largest source of radiation exposure for humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial radiation sources 
B)  atmospheric radon 
C)  cosmic rays 
D)  terrestrial radiation 
A)  artificial radiation sources 
B)  atmospheric radon 
C)  cosmic rays 
D)  terrestrial radiation

Question 12

Which of the following gives the correct order for the wavelengths of portions of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Accepted Answer

A)  radio > infrared > ultraviolet 
B)  radio > ultraviolet > infrared 
C)  ultraviolet > infrared > radio 
D)  ultraviolet > radio > infrared 
A)  radio > infrared > ultraviolet 
B)  radio > ultraviolet > infrared 
C)  ultraviolet > infrared > radio 
D)  ultraviolet > radio > infrared

Question 13

Chromium-51 decays by electron capture. What isotope is formed when 51Cr decays in this way?

Accepted Answer

A)  50Cr 
B)  52Cr 
C)  51Mn 
D)  51V 
A)  50Cr 
B)  52Cr 
C)  51Mn 
D)  51V

Question 14

The ionizing ability of radiation is measured by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  becquerel 
B)  curie 
C)  roentgen 
D)  all of these 
A)  becquerel 
B)  curie 
C)  roentgen 
D)  all of these

Question 15

Examine the following graph for a particular isotope.  
-A change in which of the following conditions would change the value of the half-life?

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of sample 
B)  temperature 
C)  pressure 
D)  using a different isotope 
E)  None of the affect the half-life. 
A)  amount of sample 
B)  temperature 
C)  pressure 
D)  using a different isotope 
E)  None of the affect the half-life.

Question 16

Which isotope of hydrogen is radioactive?

Accepted Answer

A)  1H 
B)  2H 
C)  3H 
D)  none of these 
A)  1H 
B)  2H 
C)  3H 
D)  none of these

Question 17

A radiation detector which is located 2.0 meters from a radiation source indicates a radiation intensity of 100. mCi (millicuries). What would the radiation intensity be if the detector was 4.0 meters from the source?

Accepted Answer

A) 25 mCi 
B) 50. mCi 
C)  2.0 × 102 mCi 
D)  4.0 × 102 mCi 
A) 25 mCi 
B) 50. mCi 
C)  2.0 × 102 mCi 
D)  4.0 × 102 mCi

Question 18

Which isotope of oxygen is most likely to be a β emitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  15O 
B)  16O 
C)  17O 
D)  19O 
A)  15O 
B)  16O 
C)  17O 
D)  19O

Question 19

Strontium-90 is a dangerous isotope because strontium is chemically similar to calcium and is easily incorporated into bone. Sr-90 has a half-life 28.1 years. If a person ingests 100. mg of Sr-90 how much will be left in the person's body after 56.2 years?

Accepted Answer

A)  75.0 mg 
B)  50.0 mg 
C)  25.0 mg 
D)  12.5 mg 
A)  75.0 mg 
B)  50.0 mg 
C)  25.0 mg 
D)  12.5 mg

Question 20

Approximately what percentage of an individual's average annual exposure to radiation is associated with artificial sources of radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  40% 
C)  60% 
D)  80% 
A)  20% 
B)  40% 
C)  60% 
D)  80%

Exam 9: Nuclear Chemistry

Approximately what percentage of the electricity produced in the United States comes from nuclear energy?

Which of the following radioisotopes is used in PET scans?

What is the purpose of boron in nuclear reactors?

Nuclear wastes are stored both at the sites of power plants and at special facilities maintained by the Department of Energy. What is the approximate amount of waste stored on site at power plants?

The federal government has developed a plan to store nuclear wastes at an underground site in which state?

How does a fission reactor produce electricity?

Which of the following occur during an uncontrolled fission chain reaction?

Examine the following figure. -Which line represents the type of radiation involved in PET scans using ?

Which of the following scientists discovered radioactivity?

The half-life of I-131 is 8.00 days. If a medical treatment involves a dose of 400. mg of I-131, how much of the isotope remains after 32.0 days?

Which of the following is typically the largest source of radiation exposure for humans?

Which of the following gives the correct order for the wavelengths of portions of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Chromium-51 decays by electron capture. What isotope is formed when 51Cr decays in this way?

The ionizing ability of radiation is measured by which of the following?

Examine the following graph for a particular isotope. -A change in which of the following conditions would change the value of the half-life?

Which isotope of hydrogen is radioactive?

A radiation detector which is located 2.0 meters from a radiation source indicates a radiation intensity of 100. mCi (millicuries). What would the radiation intensity be if the detector was 4.0 meters from the source?

Which isotope of oxygen is most likely to be a β emitter?

Strontium-90 is a dangerous isotope because strontium is chemically similar to calcium and is easily incorporated into bone. Sr-90 has a half-life 28.1 years. If a person ingests 100. mg of Sr-90 how much will be left in the person's body after 56.2 years?

Approximately what percentage of an individual's average annual exposure to radiation is associated with artificial sources of radiation?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atoms

Chemical Bonds

Chemical Reactions

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions and Colloids

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

Alkanes

Alkenes and Alkynes

Benzene and Its Derivatives

Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols

Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes

Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy

Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

Biosynthetic Pathways

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Chromium-51 decays by electron capture. What isotope is formed when ⁵¹Cr decays in this way?