Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes exons and introns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both exons and introns code for proteins, but they code for different types of proteins. 
B)  Exons are coding sections of DNA and introns are noncoding sections. 
C)  Exons are noncoding sections of DNA and introns are coding sections. 
D)  In order to code for a protein both an exon and an intron are necessary. 
A)  Both exons and introns code for proteins, but they code for different types of proteins. 
B)  Exons are coding sections of DNA and introns are noncoding sections. 
C)  Exons are noncoding sections of DNA and introns are coding sections. 
D)  In order to code for a protein both an exon and an intron are necessary.

Question 2

How many different chemical units make up a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 3

Examine the structural formula given below.  
-Which of the following correctly classifies this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid 
B)  nucleoside 
C)  nucleotide 
D)  purine base 
E)  pyrimidine base 
A)  nucleic acid 
B)  nucleoside 
C)  nucleotide 
D)  purine base 
E)  pyrimidine base

Question 4

Examine the following structural formula.  
-Which of the following correctly gives the letter sequence that would replace the numbers 1 - 4, respectively, in the following segment of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  AGTC 
B)  TCAG 
C)  UCAG 
D)  CTGA 
A)  AGTC 
B)  TCAG 
C)  UCAG 
D)  CTGA

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a double helix with the bases on the inside. 
B)  It is a double helix with the bases on the outside. 
C)  It is a single helix. 
D)  It is a triple helix. 
A)  It is a double helix with the bases on the inside. 
B)  It is a double helix with the bases on the outside. 
C)  It is a single helix. 
D)  It is a triple helix.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytosine and thymine are both purines. 
B)  Cytosine and thymine are both pyrimidines. 
C)  Cytosine is a purine and thymine is a pyrimidine. 
D)  Cytosine is a pyrimidine and thymine is a purine. 
A)  Cytosine and thymine are both purines. 
B)  Cytosine and thymine are both pyrimidines. 
C)  Cytosine is a purine and thymine is a pyrimidine. 
D)  Cytosine is a pyrimidine and thymine is a purine.

Question 7

Which of the following make up a nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A)  base + sugar 
B)  base + phosphate 
C)  base + phosphate + sugar 
D)  phosphate + sugar 
A)  base + sugar 
B)  base + phosphate 
C)  base + phosphate + sugar 
D)  phosphate + sugar

Question 8

Replication corresponds to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the separation of the two strands of DNA to enable the formation of two identical DNA molecules 
B)  the transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA 
C)  the transfer of genetic information from mRNA to DNA 
D)  the use of genetic information to synthesize a specific protein 
A)  the separation of the two strands of DNA to enable the formation of two identical DNA molecules 
B)  the transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA 
C)  the transfer of genetic information from mRNA to DNA 
D)  the use of genetic information to synthesize a specific protein

Question 9

Which of the following types of radiation can cause mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  infrared 
B)  microwave 
C)  ultraviolet 
D)  all of these 
A)  infrared 
B)  microwave 
C)  ultraviolet 
D)  all of these

Question 10

Which of the following statements about a molecule of tRNA is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains different bases than does mRNA. 
B)  It is about the same size as an average size molecule of mRNA. 
C)  It is much larger than an average size molecule of mRNA. 
D)  It is much smaller than an average size molecule of rRNA. 
A)  It contains different bases than does mRNA. 
B)  It is about the same size as an average size molecule of mRNA. 
C)  It is much larger than an average size molecule of mRNA. 
D)  It is much smaller than an average size molecule of rRNA.

Question 11

Which of the following make up a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  base + sugar 
B)  base + phosphate 
C)  base + phosphate + sugar 
D)  phosphate + sugar 
A)  base + sugar 
B)  base + phosphate 
C)  base + phosphate + sugar 
D)  phosphate + sugar

Question 12

Which of the following is true of primers that are used by the cell during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are made out of DNA. 
B)  They are made out of RNA. 
C)  They are made out of either DNA or RNA. 
D)  They are proteins. 
A)  They are made out of DNA. 
B)  They are made out of RNA. 
C)  They are made out of either DNA or RNA. 
D)  They are proteins.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of thymine and uracil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both have a methyl group at C-5 
B)  Thymine has a methyl group at C-5 but uracil does not. 
C)  Uracil has a methyl group at C-5 but thymine does not. 
D)  Neither has a methyl group at C-5. 
A)  Both have a methyl group at C-5 
B)  Thymine has a methyl group at C-5 but uracil does not. 
C)  Uracil has a methyl group at C-5 but thymine does not. 
D)  Neither has a methyl group at C-5.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  a base 
B)  a disaccharide 
C)  a monosaccharide 
D)  a phosphate 
A)  a base 
B)  a disaccharide 
C)  a monosaccharide 
D)  a phosphate

Question 15

Primers are involved in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of only the lagging strand daughter 
B)  synthesis of only the leading strand daughter 
C)  synthesis of both daughter stands 
D)  None of the above, primers are not involved in the synthesis of either daughter strand. 
A)  synthesis of only the lagging strand daughter 
B)  synthesis of only the leading strand daughter 
C)  synthesis of both daughter stands 
D)  None of the above, primers are not involved in the synthesis of either daughter strand.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the base content of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  moles of cytosine = moles of adenine 
B)  moles of cytosine = moles guanine 
C)  moles of cytosine = moles of thymine 
D)  none of the above 
A)  moles of cytosine = moles of adenine 
B)  moles of cytosine = moles guanine 
C)  moles of cytosine = moles of thymine 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

In the base excision repair mechanism which type of bond must first be cleaved?

Accepted Answer

A)  an N−C' α-glycosidic bond 
B)  an N−C' β-glycosidic bond 
C)  a P−O3' bond 
D)  a P−O5' bond 
A)  an N−C' α-glycosidic bond 
B)  an N−C' β-glycosidic bond 
C)  a P−O3' bond 
D)  a P−O5' bond

Question 18

How many primers are necessary in order to utilize PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the distribution of genes in a molecule of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  In both bacteria and higher organisms the genes are continuous. 
B)  In both bacteria and higher organisms the genes are discontinuous. 
C)  In bacteria the genes are continuous, but in higher organisms they are discontinuous. 
D)  In bacteria the genes are discontinuous, but in higher organisms they are continuous. 
A)  In both bacteria and higher organisms the genes are continuous. 
B)  In both bacteria and higher organisms the genes are discontinuous. 
C)  In bacteria the genes are continuous, but in higher organisms they are discontinuous. 
D)  In bacteria the genes are discontinuous, but in higher organisms they are continuous.

Question 20

Examine the following structural formula.  
-Which of the following correctly applies to this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATGC 
B)  CGTA 
C)  Either of the above applies. 
A)  ATGC 
B)  CGTA 
C)  Either of the above applies.

Exam 25: Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Which of the following correctly describes exons and introns?

How many different chemical units make up a nucleotide?

Examine the structural formula given below. -Which of the following correctly classifies this substance?

Examine the following structural formula. -Which of the following correctly gives the letter sequence that would replace the numbers 1 - 4, respectively, in the following segment of DNA?

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of DNA?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following make up a nucleoside?

Replication corresponds to which of the following?

Which of the following types of radiation can cause mutations?

Which of the following statements about a molecule of tRNA is true?

Which of the following make up a nucleotide?

Which of the following is true of primers that are used by the cell during DNA replication?

Which of the following is true of thymine and uracil?

Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?

Primers are involved in which of the following?

Which of the following is true of the base content of DNA?

In the base excision repair mechanism which type of bond must first be cleaved?

How many primers are necessary in order to utilize PCR?

Which of the following is a correct statement about the distribution of genes in a molecule of DNA?

Examine the following structural formula. -Which of the following correctly applies to this structure?

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