For the reaction A $\rightarrow$B, the Keq' is 104. If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B, which statement must be TRUE?

A) At equilibrium, there will be far more B than A. B) The rate of the reaction is very slow. C) The reaction requires coupling to an exergonic reaction in order to proceed. D) The reaction will proceed toward B at a very high rate. E) $\Delta$G'° for the reaction will be large and positive. A) At equilibrium, there will be far more B than A. B) The rate of the reaction is very slow. C) The reaction requires coupling to an exergonic reaction in order to proceed. D) The reaction will proceed toward B at a very high rate. E) $\Delta$G'° for the reaction will be large and positive.

For each pair of ions or compounds below, indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a) Co2+/Co+ (b) glucose/CO2 (c) Fe3+/Fe2+ (d) acetate/CO2 (e) ethanol/acetic acid (f) acetic acid/acetaldehyde

To determine which species is more highl

Exam 13: Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

E'° of the NAD⁺/NADH half reaction is -0.32 V. The E'° of the oxaloacetate/malate half reaction is -0.175 V. When the concentrations of NAD⁺, NADH, oxaloacetate, and malate are all 10^-⁵ M, the "spontaneous" reaction is:

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Question 61

Which statement is FALSE regarding biological oxidations?

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Question 62

Which statement about Gibbs free energy is FALSE?

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Question 63

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B, $\Delta$ G'° = -60 kJ/mol. The reaction is started with 10 mmol of A; no B is initially present. After 24 hours, analysis reveals the presence of 2 mmol of B, 8 mmol of A. Which statement is the MOST likely explanation?

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Question 64

Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of NADH by free FAD sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP?

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Question 65

$\Delta$ G'° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -30.5 kJ/mol. What effect will doubling ATP concentration have on the value of $\Delta$ G'° for ATP hydrolysis?

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Question 66

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol. Rationalize this large, negative value for $\Delta$ G'° in chemical terms.

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Question 67

Which statement is TRUE with respect to the change in free energy for a given reaction?

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Question 68

glucose 6-phosphate $\rightarrow$ glucose + P_i $\Delta$ G'° = -13.8 kJ/mol show how you would calculate the standard free-energy change ( $\Delta$ G'°) for the reaction:

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Question 69

Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ $\rightarrow$ lactate + NAD⁺ Given the following facts (a) tell in which direction the reaction will tend to go if NAD⁺, NADH, pyruvate, and lactate were mixed, all at 1 M concentrations, in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase at pH 7; (b) calculate $\Delta$ G'° for this reaction. Show your work. NAD⁺+ H⁺ + 2e^- $\rightarrow$ NADH E'° = -0.32 V pyruvate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- $\rightarrow$ lactate E'° = -0.19 V The Faraday constant, $Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: pyruvate + NADH + H+ \rightarrow lactate + NAD+ Given the following facts (a) tell in which direction the reaction will tend to go if NAD+, NADH, pyruvate, and lactate were mixed, all at 1 M concentrations, in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase at pH 7; (b) calculate \Delta G'° for this reaction. Show your work. NAD+ + H+ + 2e- \rightarrow NADH E'° = -0.32 V pyruvate + 2H+ + 2e- \rightarrow lactate E'° = -0.19 V The Faraday constant, , is 96.48 kJ/V · mol.$ , is 96.48 kJ/V · mol.

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Question 70

Classify each of the *ed atoms as an electrophile or a nucleophile:

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Question 71

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Which atom is the LEAST electronegative?

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Question 72

Which statement is NOT true for the nicotinamide cofactors?

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Question 73

_____ is used to illustrate the actual free-energy change of a reaction measured at pH 7 and 37°C.

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Question 74

Acyl phosphates, phosphoesters, and phosphaoanhydrides are compounds of significantly different phosphoryl group-transfer potentials. Which choice CORRECTLY ranks these phosphorylated intermediates with respect to their phosphoryl group-transfer potential from highest to lowest?

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Question 75

The phosphate bonds found in a phosphorylated tyrosine and in an acyl phosphate are likely to have similar standard free energies of hydrolysis.

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Question 76

Which compound(s) do(es) NOT have a large negative free energy of hydrolysis?

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Question 77

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B, the K_eq' is 10⁴. If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B, which statement must be TRUE?

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Question 78

For each pair of ions or compounds below, indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a) Co²⁺/Co⁺ (b) glucose/CO₂ (c) Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ (d) acetate/CO₂ (e) ethanol/acetic acid (f) acetic acid/acetaldehyde

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Question 79

ATP + glucose $\rightarrow$ glucose 6-phosphate + ADP

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Question 80

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Exam 13: Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

E'° of the NAD+/NADH half reaction is -0.32 V. The E'° of the oxaloacetate/malate half reaction is -0.175 V. When the concentrations of NAD+, NADH, oxaloacetate, and malate are all 10-5 M, the "spontaneous" reaction is:

Which statement is FALSE regarding biological oxidations?

Which statement about Gibbs free energy is FALSE?

For the reaction A →\rightarrow→ B, Δ\DeltaΔ G'° = -60 kJ/mol. The reaction is started with 10 mmol of A; no B is initially present. After 24 hours, analysis reveals the presence of 2 mmol of B, 8 mmol of A. Which statement is the MOST likely explanation?

Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of NADH by free FAD sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP?

Δ\DeltaΔ G'° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -30.5 kJ/mol. What effect will doubling ATP concentration have on the value of Δ\DeltaΔ G'° for ATP hydrolysis?

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol. Rationalize this large, negative value for Δ\DeltaΔ G'° in chemical terms.

Which statement is TRUE with respect to the change in free energy for a given reaction?

glucose 6-phosphate →\rightarrow→ glucose + Pi Δ\DeltaΔ G'° = -13.8 kJ/mol show how you would calculate the standard free-energy change ( Δ\DeltaΔ G'°) for the reaction:

Classify each of the *ed atoms as an electrophile or a nucleophile:

Which atom is the LEAST electronegative?

Which statement is NOT true for the nicotinamide cofactors?

_____ is used to illustrate the actual free-energy change of a reaction measured at pH 7 and 37°C.

Acyl phosphates, phosphoesters, and phosphaoanhydrides are compounds of significantly different phosphoryl group-transfer potentials. Which choice CORRECTLY ranks these phosphorylated intermediates with respect to their phosphoryl group-transfer potential from highest to lowest?

The phosphate bonds found in a phosphorylated tyrosine and in an acyl phosphate are likely to have similar standard free energies of hydrolysis.

Which compound(s) do(es) NOT have a large negative free energy of hydrolysis?

For the reaction A →\rightarrow→ B, the Keq' is 104. If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B, which statement must be TRUE?

For each pair of ions or compounds below, indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a) Co2+/Co+ (b) glucose/CO2 (c) Fe3+/Fe2+ (d) acetate/CO2 (e) ethanol/acetic acid (f) acetic acid/acetaldehyde

ATP + glucose →\rightarrow→ glucose 6-phosphate + ADP

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E'° of the NAD⁺/NADH half reaction is -0.32 V. The E'° of the oxaloacetate/malate half reaction is -0.175 V. When the concentrations of NAD⁺, NADH, oxaloacetate, and malate are all 10^-⁵ M, the "spontaneous" reaction is:

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B, $\Delta$ G'° = -60 kJ/mol. The reaction is started with 10 mmol of A; no B is initially present. After 24 hours, analysis reveals the presence of 2 mmol of B, 8 mmol of A. Which statement is the MOST likely explanation?

$\Delta$ G'° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -30.5 kJ/mol. What effect will doubling ATP concentration have on the value of $\Delta$ G'° for ATP hydrolysis?

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol. Rationalize this large, negative value for $\Delta$ G'° in chemical terms.

glucose 6-phosphate $\rightarrow$ glucose + P_i $\Delta$ G'° = -13.8 kJ/mol show how you would calculate the standard free-energy change ( $\Delta$ G'°) for the reaction:

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B, the K_eq' is 10⁴. If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B, which statement must be TRUE?

For each pair of ions or compounds below, indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a) Co²⁺/Co⁺ (b) glucose/CO₂ (c) Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ (d) acetate/CO₂ (e) ethanol/acetic acid (f) acetic acid/acetaldehyde

ATP + glucose $\rightarrow$ glucose 6-phosphate + ADP