Question 1

Which statement is TRUE for the equilibrium constant?

Accepted Answer

A)  The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial concentrations of reactants and products. 
B)  When the equilibrium constant is greater than one, the standard free energy change for the reaction favors production of reactants. 
C)  The equilibrium constant does not vary with changes in pH. 
D)  The equilibrium constant does not vary with changes in temperature. 
E)  A relatively small change in the equilibrium constant is associated with a large change in the standard free-energy change. 
A)  The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial concentrations of reactants and products. 
B)  When the equilibrium constant is greater than one, the standard free energy change for the reaction favors production of reactants. 
C)  The equilibrium constant does not vary with changes in pH. 
D)  The equilibrium constant does not vary with changes in temperature. 
E)  A relatively small change in the equilibrium constant is associated with a large change in the standard free-energy change.

Question 2

Which phosphorylated amino acid is used by invertebrates in a similar manner that vertebrates use phosphocreatine?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphocysteine 
B)  phosphoarginine 
C)  phosphohistidine 
D)  phosphoaspartate 
E)  phosphotyrosine 
A)  phosphocysteine 
B)  phosphoarginine 
C)  phosphohistidine 
D)  phosphoaspartate 
E)  phosphotyrosine

Question 3

The value of $\Delta$G'o for the hydrolysis of a phosphoanhydride in ATP bonds becomes a larger negative number with increasing pH above 7.0. Explain why this occurs.

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of a phosphoanhydride in

Question 4

Which item is NOT nucleophilic?

Accepted Answer

A)  a proton 
B)  a carbanion 
C)  an imidazole 
D)  a hydroxide 
E)  a carboxylic acid 
A)  a proton 
B)  a carbanion 
C)  an imidazole 
D)  a hydroxide 
E)  a carboxylic acid

Question 5

Which conjugate redox pair is involved in biological oxidations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fe2+ and Fe3+ 
B)  NADP+ and NAD+ 
C)  FMN and FADH2 
D)  succinate and fumarate 
E)  both Fe2+ and Fe3+ and succinate and fumarate 
A)  Fe2+ and Fe3+ 
B)  NADP+ and NAD+ 
C)  FMN and FADH2 
D)  succinate and fumarate 
E)  both Fe2+ and Fe3+ and succinate and fumarate

Question 6

What is the difference between $\Delta$G and $\Delta$G'° of a chemical reaction? Describe, quantitatively, the relationship between them.

Accepted Answer

The difference between @#LAT-DLM&G and @#LAT-DLM&G'° in a ch

Question 7

ATP $\rightarrow$ ADP + Pi
$\Delta$G'° = -30.5 kJ/mol

Accepted Answer

The input question seems to be a mix of

Question 8

When a mixture of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate is incubated at 25 °C with phosphoglycerate mutase until equilibrium is reached, the final mixture contains six times as much 2-phosphoglycerate as 3-phosphoglycerate. Which statement is MOST nearly correct, when applied to the reaction as written? (R = 8.315 J/mol · K; T = 298 K) 3-phosphoglycerate $\rightarrow$ 2-phosphoglycerate

Accepted Answer

A)  $\Delta$G'° is -4.44 kJ/mol. 
B)  $\Delta$G'° is zero. 
C)  $\Delta$G'°is +12.7 kJ/mol. 
D)  $\Delta$G'°is incalculably large and positive. 
E)  $\Delta$G'° cannot be calculated from the information given. 
A)  $\Delta$G'° is -4.44 kJ/mol. 
B)  $\Delta$G'° is zero. 
C)  $\Delta$G'°is +12.7 kJ/mol. 
D)  $\Delta$G'°is incalculably large and positive. 
E)  $\Delta$G'° cannot be calculated from the information given.

Question 9

The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for each.

Accepted Answer

1. Chemical to Mechanical Energy Transdu

Question 10

Explain the relationships among the change in the degree of order, the change in entropy, and the change in free energy that occur during a chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

The relationships among the change in th

Question 11

What is the equilibrium constant for a reaction with a standard free-energy change of +25kJ/mol?

Accepted Answer

A)  -1.1 
B)  -10.1 
C)  4.1 × 10-5 
D)  10.1 
E)  2.4 × 104 
A)  -1.1 
B)  -10.1 
C)  4.1 × 10-5 
D)  10.1 
E)  2.4 × 104

Question 12

What is an oxidation? What is a reduction? Can an oxidation occur without a simultaneous reduction? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is a chemical reaction in whic

Question 13

Biological oxidation-reduction reactions never involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer of e- from one molecule to another. 
B)  formation of free e-. 
C)  transfer of H+ (or H3O+) from one molecule to another. 
D)  formation of free H+ (or H3O+). 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  transfer of e- from one molecule to another. 
B)  formation of free e-. 
C)  transfer of H+ (or H3O+) from one molecule to another. 
D)  formation of free H+ (or H3O+). 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

Which amino acid can participate in nucleophilic catalysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  His 
B)  Cys 
C)  Tyr 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  His 
B)  Cys 
C)  Tyr 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

The standard free energy change ($\Delta$G'°) for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJ/mol. ATP, ADP, and Pi are mixed together at initial concentrations of 1 M of each, then left alone until the reaction ADP + Pi $\rightarrow$ ATP has come to equilibrium. For each species (i.e., ATP, ADP, and Pi), indicate whether the concentration will be equal to 1 M, less than 1 M, or greater than 1 M.

Accepted Answer

The standard free energy change (ΔG°) fo

Question 16

Which statement is TRUE about oxidation-reduction reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They usually proceed through homolytic cleavage. 
B)  During oxidation a compound gains electrons. 
C)  Dehydrogenases typically remove two electrons and two hydrides. 
D)  There are four commonly accessed oxidation states of carbon. 
E)  Every oxidation must be accompanied by a reduction. 
A)  They usually proceed through homolytic cleavage. 
B)  During oxidation a compound gains electrons. 
C)  Dehydrogenases typically remove two electrons and two hydrides. 
D)  There are four commonly accessed oxidation states of carbon. 
E)  Every oxidation must be accompanied by a reduction.

Question 17

If a 0.1 M solution of glucose 1-phosphate is incubated with a catalytic amount of phospho-glucomutase, the glucose 1-phosphate is transformed to glucose 6-phosphate until equilibrium is reached. At equilibrium, the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 4.5 × 10-3 M and that of glucose 6-phosphate is 8.6 × 10-2 M. Set up the expressions for the calculation of Keq' and $\Delta$G'° for this reaction (in the direction of glucose 6-phosphate formation). (R = 8.315 J/mol · K; T = 298 K)

Accepted Answer

To calculate the equilibrium constant (K

Question 18

The immediate precursors of DNA and RNA synthesis in the cell all contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  3' triphosphates. 
B)  5' triphosphates. 
C)  adenine. 
D)  deoxyribose. 
E)  ribose. 
A)  3' triphosphates. 
B)  5' triphosphates. 
C)  adenine. 
D)  deoxyribose. 
E)  ribose.

Question 19

Which atom is the MOST electronegative?

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  N 
C)  P 
D)  O 
E)  S 
A)  C 
B)  N 
C)  P 
D)  O 
E)  S

Question 20

Which statement is always TRUE for $\Delta$G'?

Accepted Answer

A)  The temperature is 25°C. 
B)  The pH is 7.0. 
C)  The value for $\Delta$G' is a constant. 
D)  The initial concentration of each component is 1.0 M. 
E)  The pressure is 1 atm. 
A)  The temperature is 25°C. 
B)  The pH is 7.0. 
C)  The value for $\Delta$G' is a constant. 
D)  The initial concentration of each component is 1.0 M. 
E)  The pressure is 1 atm.

Exam 13: Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Which statement is TRUE for the equilibrium constant?

Which phosphorylated amino acid is used by invertebrates in a similar manner that vertebrates use phosphocreatine?

The value of Δ\DeltaΔ G'o for the hydrolysis of a phosphoanhydride in ATP bonds becomes a larger negative number with increasing pH above 7.0. Explain why this occurs.

Which item is NOT nucleophilic?

Which conjugate redox pair is involved in biological oxidations?

What is the difference between Δ\DeltaΔ G and Δ\DeltaΔ G'° of a chemical reaction? Describe, quantitatively, the relationship between them.

ATP →\rightarrow→ ADP + Pi Δ\DeltaΔ G'° = -30.5 kJ/mol

The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for each.

Explain the relationships among the change in the degree of order, the change in entropy, and the change in free energy that occur during a chemical reaction.

What is the equilibrium constant for a reaction with a standard free-energy change of +25kJ/mol?

What is an oxidation? What is a reduction? Can an oxidation occur without a simultaneous reduction? Why or why not?

Biological oxidation-reduction reactions never involve:

Which amino acid can participate in nucleophilic catalysis?

Which statement is TRUE about oxidation-reduction reactions?

The immediate precursors of DNA and RNA synthesis in the cell all contain:

Which atom is the MOST electronegative?

Which statement is always TRUE for Δ\DeltaΔ G'?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

The value of $\Delta$ G'^o for the hydrolysis of a phosphoanhydride in ATP bonds becomes a larger negative number with increasing pH above 7.0. Explain why this occurs.

What is the difference between $\Delta$ G and $\Delta$ G'° of a chemical reaction? Describe, quantitatively, the relationship between them.

ATP $\rightarrow$ ADP + P_i $\Delta$ G'° = -30.5 kJ/mol

Which statement is always TRUE for $\Delta$ G'?