Question 1

When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply it),we are engaged in:

Accepted Answer

A) deductive reasoning. 
B) insightful solutions. 
C) analogical problem solving. 
D) heuristic reasoning. 
A) deductive reasoning. 
B) insightful solutions. 
C) analogical problem solving. 
D) heuristic reasoning.

Question 2

The family resemblance theory of categorization:

Accepted Answer

A) is limited because it only applies to people and not objects. 
B) argues that necessary and sufficient statements be developed for categories to be meaningful. 
C) posits that each member of the category has at least one thing in common. 
D) argues that a category may exist,even if there is no single defining characteristic of the category. 
A) is limited because it only applies to people and not objects. 
B) argues that necessary and sufficient statements be developed for categories to be meaningful. 
C) posits that each member of the category has at least one thing in common. 
D) argues that a category may exist,even if there is no single defining characteristic of the category.

Question 3

_____ reasoning is the process of figuring out what to do in a given situation.

Accepted Answer

A) Practical 
B) Syllogistic 
C) Theoretical 
D) Discursive 
A) Practical 
B) Syllogistic 
C) Theoretical 
D) Discursive

Question 4

Research on language reveals that:

Accepted Answer

A) relatively few species have developed anything that could even be considered a Form of social communication. 
B) language really only develops when a species has the ability to communicate vocally. 
C) most social species have systems of communication that allow them to transmit messages to one another. 
D) there are no commonalities between human language and signaling systems of other animals. 
A) relatively few species have developed anything that could even be considered a Form of social communication. 
B) language really only develops when a species has the ability to communicate vocally. 
C) most social species have systems of communication that allow them to transmit messages to one another. 
D) there are no commonalities between human language and signaling systems of other animals.

Question 5

Means-ends analysis was FIRST described by:

Accepted Answer

A) Friedrich Gauss. 
B) Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 
C) Karl Duncker. 
D) Eleanor Rosch. 
A) Friedrich Gauss. 
B) Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 
C) Karl Duncker. 
D) Eleanor Rosch.

Question 6

According to a rational model of interference,people should make decisions that maximize value;that is,they should strive to maximize what psychologists and economists call:

Accepted Answer

A) base-rate decision making. 
B) elasticity of demand. 
C) optimism bias. 
D) expected utility. 
A) base-rate decision making. 
B) elasticity of demand. 
C) optimism bias. 
D) expected utility.

Question 7

Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve:

Accepted Answer

A) insight problems. 
B) noninsight problems. 
C) both insight and noninsight problems. 
D) neither insight nor noninsight problems. 
A) insight problems. 
B) noninsight problems. 
C) both insight and noninsight problems. 
D) neither insight nor noninsight problems.

Question 8

Leanna,a bride to be,is glancing over an updated list of the people who will be attending her wedding reception.There actually will be an equal number of people from her family and from her fiancé Robert's family.Without counting,Leanna perceives that more people from _____ family will be in attendance due to the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) her;availability bias 
B) her;the conjunctive fallacy 
C) Robert's;availability bias 
D) Robert's;the conjunctive fallacy 
A) her;availability bias 
B) her;the conjunctive fallacy 
C) Robert's;availability bias 
D) Robert's;the conjunctive fallacy

Question 9

Japanese can be written in two ways: One way uses symbols to represent speech sounds,much like the English language.The other way uses pictographs to represent ideas,much like the Chinese language.Japanese individuals with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate great difficulty understanding:

Accepted Answer

A) symbols representing speech sounds. 
B) pictographs. 
C) both Forms of the language. 
D) neither Form;their comprehension of the language is relatively unaffected. 
A) symbols representing speech sounds. 
B) pictographs. 
C) both Forms of the language. 
D) neither Form;their comprehension of the language is relatively unaffected.

Question 10

The view that people make decisions by determining how likely something is to happen,judging the value of the outcome,and then multiplying the two is called:

Accepted Answer

A) psychoeconomics. 
B) the rational choice theory. 
C) an algorithm. 
D) quantitative psychology. 
A) psychoeconomics. 
B) the rational choice theory. 
C) an algorithm. 
D) quantitative psychology.

Question 11

Theoretical reasoning necessarily lacks:

Accepted Answer

A) the use of logic. 
B) a series of inferences. 
C) an action-oriented goal. 
D) a concluding belief. 
A) the use of logic. 
B) a series of inferences. 
C) an action-oriented goal. 
D) a concluding belief.

Question 12

Two-year-old Lupe says to her mother "More drink" and "Where dog?" This kind of language use is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) telegraphic speech. 
B) fast mapping. 
C) simple structure. 
D) babbling. 
A) telegraphic speech. 
B) fast mapping. 
C) simple structure. 
D) babbling.

Question 13

Humans excel at estimating:

Accepted Answer

A) frequency. 
B) probability. 
C) both frequency and probability. 
D) probability in childhood but frequency in adulthood. 
A) frequency. 
B) probability. 
C) both frequency and probability. 
D) probability in childhood but frequency in adulthood.

Question 14

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.These researchers found that participants:

Accepted Answer

A) could not distinguish series that were solvable from those that were not above chance levels. 
B) exhibited a strong bias to report that series were solvable. 
C) exhibited a strong bias to report that series were unsolvable. 
D) could classify series as solvable or unsolvable,even if they could not solve them. 
A) could not distinguish series that were solvable from those that were not above chance levels. 
B) exhibited a strong bias to report that series were solvable. 
C) exhibited a strong bias to report that series were unsolvable. 
D) could classify series as solvable or unsolvable,even if they could not solve them.

Question 15

Despite training,apes may have trouble learning to understand and use the word "justice" but have little trouble learning to understand the word "juice." This BEST illustrates which limitation?

Accepted Answer

A) vocabulary 
B) passive understanding relative to active use 
C) understanding of grammar 
D) conceptual repertoire 
A) vocabulary 
B) passive understanding relative to active use 
C) understanding of grammar 
D) conceptual repertoire

Question 16

There are about _____ distinct human languages.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000 
B) 2,000 
C) 4,000 
D) 6,000 
A) 1,000 
B) 2,000 
C) 4,000 
D) 6,000

Question 17

"A system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined according to rules of grammar" is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

A) semantics. 
B) morphemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) language. 
A) semantics. 
B) morphemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) language.

Question 18

Living in Las Vegas,Elaine has been exposed to the gaming industry her entire life but has only been a recreational player.After suffering a stroke which damaged her prefrontal cortex,however,Elaine has recently developed a gambling problem.This is MOST likely because Elaine has:

Accepted Answer

A) blunted emotional arousal to losses. 
B) exaggerated emotional arousal to wins. 
C) blunted emotional arousal to both wins and losses. 
D) blunted emotional arousal to the prospect of making a risky decision. 
A) blunted emotional arousal to losses. 
B) exaggerated emotional arousal to wins. 
C) blunted emotional arousal to both wins and losses. 
D) blunted emotional arousal to the prospect of making a risky decision.

Question 19

"B" and "p" differ in the way they are produced by a human speaker.As such,they are both examples of:

Accepted Answer

A) phonemes. 
B) symbols. 
C) morphemes. 
D) phrases. 
A) phonemes. 
B) symbols. 
C) morphemes. 
D) phrases.

Question 20

Research involving brain damage and risky decision making has often focused on which brain region?

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's area 
B) Wernicke's area 
C) prefrontal cortex 
D) hippocampus 
A) Broca's area 
B) Wernicke's area 
C) prefrontal cortex 
D) hippocampus

Exam 9: Language and Thought-Part A

When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply it),we are engaged in:

The family resemblance theory of categorization:

_____ reasoning is the process of figuring out what to do in a given situation.

Research on language reveals that:

Means-ends analysis was FIRST described by:

According to a rational model of interference,people should make decisions that maximize value;that is,they should strive to maximize what psychologists and economists call:

Japanese can be written in two ways: One way uses symbols to represent speech sounds,much like the English language.The other way uses pictographs to represent ideas,much like the Chinese language.Japanese individuals with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate great difficulty understanding:

The view that people make decisions by determining how likely something is to happen,judging the value of the outcome,and then multiplying the two is called:

Theoretical reasoning necessarily lacks:

Two-year-old Lupe says to her mother "More drink" and "Where dog?" This kind of language use is referred to as:

Humans excel at estimating:

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.These researchers found that participants:

Despite training,apes may have trouble learning to understand and use the word "justice" but have little trouble learning to understand the word "juice." This BEST illustrates which limitation?

There are about _____ distinct human languages.

"A system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined according to rules of grammar" is the definition of:

Living in Las Vegas,Elaine has been exposed to the gaming industry her entire life but has only been a recreational player.After suffering a stroke which damaged her prefrontal cortex,however,Elaine has recently developed a gambling problem.This is MOST likely because Elaine has:

"B" and "p" differ in the way they are produced by a human speaker.As such,they are both examples of:

Research involving brain damage and risky decision making has often focused on which brain region?

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part A

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part A

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A

Social Psychology-Part B