Question 1

When apes communicate using Forms of human language,their communication typically lacks:

Accepted Answer

A) grammatically correct complex sentences. 
B) modifiers,such as adjectives and adverbs. 
C) an emotional context. 
D) verbs. 
A) grammatically correct complex sentences. 
B) modifiers,such as adjectives and adverbs. 
C) an emotional context. 
D) verbs.

Question 2

When asked what he did at preschool earlier in the day,3-year-old Harry said that he "runned on the playground." This error illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) confusing phonemes with morphemes. 
B) confusing the deep structure with the simple structure of the sentence. 
C) confusing morphemes with syntax. 
D) overgeneralizing from the grammatical language rules. 
A) confusing phonemes with morphemes. 
B) confusing the deep structure with the simple structure of the sentence. 
C) confusing morphemes with syntax. 
D) overgeneralizing from the grammatical language rules.

Question 3

Which expression is a sentence?

Accepted Answer

A) dogs 
B) the dogs 
C) the dogs,who were barking very noisily 
D) dogs bark 
A) dogs 
B) the dogs 
C) the dogs,who were barking very noisily 
D) dogs bark

Question 4

Recent research on bilingualism that corrected the flaws from earlier studies indicate that bilingualism is associated with enhancements in:

Accepted Answer

A) the rate of language development. 
B) IQ score. 
C) first-language vocabulary. 
D) focused attention. 
A) the rate of language development. 
B) IQ score. 
C) first-language vocabulary. 
D) focused attention.

Question 5

Emotional reactivity was measured by the galvanic skin response in healthy participants and participants with prefrontal cortex damage as they engaged in a gambling task.Compared with the healthy volunteers,the participants with prefrontal cortex damage:

Accepted Answer

A) had a weaker emotional reaction to losses but not to wins. 
B) had a weaker emotional reaction to both wins and losses. 
C) had stronger emotional reactions to losses but not to wins. 
D) did not exhibit anticipatory emotional reactions as they gambled. 
A) had a weaker emotional reaction to losses but not to wins. 
B) had a weaker emotional reaction to both wins and losses. 
C) had stronger emotional reactions to losses but not to wins. 
D) did not exhibit anticipatory emotional reactions as they gambled.

Question 6

When Broca's area is damaged,patients:

Accepted Answer

A) have a hard time understanding language. 
B) usually continue to produce grammatical speech. 
C) produce phrases that tend to be devoid of meaning. 
D) have a hard time with speech production. 
A) have a hard time understanding language. 
B) usually continue to produce grammatical speech. 
C) produce phrases that tend to be devoid of meaning. 
D) have a hard time with speech production.

Question 7

Internationally adopted preschoolers acquire a second language:

Accepted Answer

A) in the same orderly sequence as younger monolingual infants. 
B) without having to progress through as many steps as younger monolingual infants. 
C) almost immediately,because syntax was already learned in their native language. 
D) much slower than do younger monolingual infants,reflecting interference from their native language. 
A) in the same orderly sequence as younger monolingual infants. 
B) without having to progress through as many steps as younger monolingual infants. 
C) almost immediately,because syntax was already learned in their native language. 
D) much slower than do younger monolingual infants,reflecting interference from their native language.

Question 8

A necessary condition for being a professor of psychology at Harvard University is that one:

Accepted Answer

A) has written a textbook on introductory psychology. 
B) is an expert witness in the field of memory. 
C) has taught four courses at Harvard last semester. 
D) has a doctorate degree. 
A) has written a textbook on introductory psychology. 
B) is an expert witness in the field of memory. 
C) has taught four courses at Harvard last semester. 
D) has a doctorate degree.

Question 9

Which statement about a child's ability to distinguish speech sounds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Newborns can distinguish among only a few sounds,but by 6 months,babies can distinguish among the sounds of all languages. 
B) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages,but by 6 months,babies lose this ability. 
C) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages,and this ability is retained throughout life. 
D) Newborns can distinguish among only the sounds that are spoken to them,and they never develop the ability to distinguish among the sounds of all languages. 
A) Newborns can distinguish among only a few sounds,but by 6 months,babies can distinguish among the sounds of all languages. 
B) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages,but by 6 months,babies lose this ability. 
C) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages,and this ability is retained throughout life. 
D) Newborns can distinguish among only the sounds that are spoken to them,and they never develop the ability to distinguish among the sounds of all languages.

Question 10

The idea that members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members,but may not be possessed by every member is called:

Accepted Answer

A) exemplar theory. 
B) family resemblance theory. 
C) prototype theory. 
D) category-specific deficit. 
A) exemplar theory. 
B) family resemblance theory. 
C) prototype theory. 
D) category-specific deficit.

Question 11

People often make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation.This behavior illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
B) the availability bias. 
C) rational economic theory. 
D) base-price sensitivity. 
A) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
B) the availability bias. 
C) rational economic theory. 
D) base-price sensitivity.

Question 12

The view that we learn language through principles of operant conditioning was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Noam Chomsky. 
C) Carl Wernicke. 
D) Paul Broca. 
A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Noam Chomsky. 
C) Carl Wernicke. 
D) Paul Broca.

Question 13

Which statement about the mechanisms underlying categorization is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Exemplar-based learning involves the prefrontal cortex. 
B) The left hemisphere of the brain is mainly active in recognizing exemplars. 
C) The visual cortex is involved in Forming prototypes. 
D) Exemplar-based learning involves analysis and decision making. 
A) Exemplar-based learning involves the prefrontal cortex. 
B) The left hemisphere of the brain is mainly active in recognizing exemplars. 
C) The visual cortex is involved in Forming prototypes. 
D) Exemplar-based learning involves analysis and decision making.

Question 14

Tom is considering moving to a new city.He reads that the employment rate in that city is 90%,which he thinks is very favorable.Ted is considering moving to the same city,but he reads that the unemployment rate is 10%,which he thinks is unacceptably high.Why would Tom and Ted reach such different conclusions based on the same statistics?

Accepted Answer

A) Tom received inFormation that was framed in a favorable way,whereas Ted received the exact same inFormation but framed in an unfavorable way. 
B) Tom used base-rate data,but Ted used anecdotal data when Forming his decision. 
C) Tom relied on the representativeness heuristic when making his decision,whereas Ted relied on the availability heuristic. 
D) Neither Tom nor Ted fully considered other cities,so both their judgments were guided by the conjunction fallacy. 
A) Tom received inFormation that was framed in a favorable way,whereas Ted received the exact same inFormation but framed in an unfavorable way. 
B) Tom used base-rate data,but Ted used anecdotal data when Forming his decision. 
C) Tom relied on the representativeness heuristic when making his decision,whereas Ted relied on the availability heuristic. 
D) Neither Tom nor Ted fully considered other cities,so both their judgments were guided by the conjunction fallacy.

Question 15

Fast mapping occurs with:

Accepted Answer

A) vocabulary only. 
B) vocabulary and writing. 
C) vocabulary and arithmetic. 
D) vocabulary,writing,and arithmetic. 
A) vocabulary only. 
B) vocabulary and writing. 
C) vocabulary and arithmetic. 
D) vocabulary,writing,and arithmetic.

Question 16

By best estimates,written human language emerged _____ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A) 3,000 
B) 6,000 
C) 1 to 3 million 
D) 3 to 6 million 
A) 3,000 
B) 6,000 
C) 1 to 3 million 
D) 3 to 6 million

Question 17

Deep structure refers to the _____ of a sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) grammar 
B) wording 
C) meaning 
D) morphology 
A) grammar 
B) wording 
C) meaning 
D) morphology

Question 18

Which problem is an ill defined?

Accepted Answer

A) the solution to a geometric proof 
B) how to find your classroom on the first day of school 
C) what are the best public policies to maximize societal well-being 
D) how to use a new coffee maker 
A) the solution to a geometric proof 
B) how to find your classroom on the first day of school 
C) what are the best public policies to maximize societal well-being 
D) how to use a new coffee maker

Question 19

According to prospect theory,when will people avoid risks?

Accepted Answer

A) always,as it is a rational choice model 
B) when evaluating potential gains 
C) when evaluating potential losses 
D) when base rates are ignored 
A) always,as it is a rational choice model 
B) when evaluating potential gains 
C) when evaluating potential losses 
D) when base rates are ignored

Question 20

_____ is defined as the difficulty in producing or comprehending language.

Accepted Answer

A) Dysphasia 
B) Dystaxia 
C) Apraxia 
D) Aphasia 
A) Dysphasia 
B) Dystaxia 
C) Apraxia 
D) Aphasia

Exam 9: Language and Thought-Part A

When apes communicate using Forms of human language,their communication typically lacks:

When asked what he did at preschool earlier in the day,3-year-old Harry said that he "runned on the playground." This error illustrates:

Which expression is a sentence?

Recent research on bilingualism that corrected the flaws from earlier studies indicate that bilingualism is associated with enhancements in:

Emotional reactivity was measured by the galvanic skin response in healthy participants and participants with prefrontal cortex damage as they engaged in a gambling task.Compared with the healthy volunteers,the participants with prefrontal cortex damage:

When Broca's area is damaged,patients:

Internationally adopted preschoolers acquire a second language:

A necessary condition for being a professor of psychology at Harvard University is that one:

Which statement about a child's ability to distinguish speech sounds is TRUE?

The idea that members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members,but may not be possessed by every member is called:

People often make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation.This behavior illustrates:

The view that we learn language through principles of operant conditioning was proposed by:

Which statement about the mechanisms underlying categorization is FALSE?

Fast mapping occurs with:

By best estimates,written human language emerged _____ years ago.

Deep structure refers to the _____ of a sentence.

Which problem is an ill defined?

According to prospect theory,when will people avoid risks?

_____ is defined as the difficulty in producing or comprehending language.

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part A

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part A

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A