Question 1

Recent research on bilingualism that corrected the flaws from earlier studies indicate that bilingualism is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) notable deficits in the time course of language development. 
B) enhancements in IQ score. 
C) deficits in both language development and general cognitive functioning. 
D) a similar course of language development as observed in monolingual individuals. 
A) notable deficits in the time course of language development. 
B) enhancements in IQ score. 
C) deficits in both language development and general cognitive functioning. 
D) a similar course of language development as observed in monolingual individuals.

Question 2

Winawer and colleagues (2007)presented English and Russian speakers with a blue sample stimulus.They also were shown two blue comparison stimuli.One comparison stimulus matched the shade of the sample stimulus,and one comparison stimulus was of a different shade.Participants were asked to identify which of the two comparison stimuli matched the sample stimulus.This research found that:

Accepted Answer

A) Russian speakers took longer than did English speakers to make this determination when one comparison stimulus was dark blue and the other comparison stimulus was light blue. 
B) English speakers took longer than did Russian speakers to make this determination when one comparison stimulus was dark blue and the other comparison stimulus was light blue. 
C) Russian speakers took longer than did English speakers to make this determination when all three stimuli were shades of light blue. 
D) English speakers took longer than did Russian speakers to make this determination when all three stimuli were shades of light blue. 
A) Russian speakers took longer than did English speakers to make this determination when one comparison stimulus was dark blue and the other comparison stimulus was light blue. 
B) English speakers took longer than did Russian speakers to make this determination when one comparison stimulus was dark blue and the other comparison stimulus was light blue. 
C) Russian speakers took longer than did English speakers to make this determination when all three stimuli were shades of light blue. 
D) English speakers took longer than did Russian speakers to make this determination when all three stimuli were shades of light blue.

Question 3

Which view states that people choose to take on risks when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains?

Accepted Answer

A) frequency Format hypothesis 
B) prospect theory 
C) means-ends analysis 
D) belief bias 
A) frequency Format hypothesis 
B) prospect theory 
C) means-ends analysis 
D) belief bias

Question 4

Because he is a hopeless romantic,Chad buys his wife a single red rose for no particular reason while grocery shopping.Realizing that he doesn't own a vase,he also buys the only one the supermarket has in stock,which is rather expensive.Upon coming home,his wife says,"Thanks for the rose,but is the vase really necessary? We can just put it in one of your many empty wine bottles that litter the kitchen." Chad's failure to realize that a wine bottle can serve as a makeshift,yet romantic,vase is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) the recency effect. 
B) the availability bias. 
C) semantic interference. 
D) functional fixedness. 
A) the recency effect. 
B) the availability bias. 
C) semantic interference. 
D) functional fixedness.

Question 5

Paul is deep in credit card debt.His goal state is to be debt free,but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment.According to a means-ends analysis,Paul should:

Accepted Answer

A) revise his goal state such that it is more realistic with his current situation. 
B) acquire the money by any means necessary;the ends justify the means. 
C) use cognitive reappraisal techniques to change the way he feels about being in debt. 
D) take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal. 
A) revise his goal state such that it is more realistic with his current situation. 
B) acquire the money by any means necessary;the ends justify the means. 
C) use cognitive reappraisal techniques to change the way he feels about being in debt. 
D) take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal.

Question 6

When Karen,a toddler,wants her mother to give her more juice,she says,"More juice," instead of saying,"Juice more." This way of expressing herself shows that Karen understands:

Accepted Answer

A) fast mapping. 
B) function morphemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) morphology. 
A) fast mapping. 
B) function morphemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) morphology.

Question 7

About _____ in 10 Americans speak only English.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 8 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 8

Question 8

In culturally diverse cities,the ability to speak two or more languages fluently is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) an increased ability to find a job but a decreased likelihood of rising to the level of an executive. 
B) working in a higher-paying job. 
C) stagnating in lower-paying,service-related jobs. 
D) greater levels of discrimination when applying for jobs. 
A) an increased ability to find a job but a decreased likelihood of rising to the level of an executive. 
B) working in a higher-paying job. 
C) stagnating in lower-paying,service-related jobs. 
D) greater levels of discrimination when applying for jobs.

Question 9

By the age of 5 years,the average child has a vocabulary of about _____ words.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000 
B) 2,500 
C) 5,000 
D) 10,000 
A) 1,000 
B) 2,500 
C) 5,000 
D) 10,000

Question 10

People believe that,compared with other people,they are more likely to experience positive events and less likely to experience negative events in the future.This pehomenon is termed _____ bias.

Accepted Answer

A) futuristic 
B) availability 
C) consistency 
D) optimism 
A) futuristic 
B) availability 
C) consistency 
D) optimism

Question 11

According to Gestalt psychologists,insights reflect:

Accepted Answer

A) a spontaneous restructuring of a problem. 
B) a genius level of intelligence. 
C) the outcome of a means-ends analysis. 
D) the contributions of incremental unconscious processes. 
A) a spontaneous restructuring of a problem. 
B) a genius level of intelligence. 
C) the outcome of a means-ends analysis. 
D) the contributions of incremental unconscious processes.

Question 12

Which strategy is NOT used in means-ends analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) relying on heuristics 
B) solving the problem directly if possible 
C) generating subgoals and solving those 
D) finding a similar problem with a known solution 
A) relying on heuristics 
B) solving the problem directly if possible 
C) generating subgoals and solving those 
D) finding a similar problem with a known solution

Question 13

English speakers tend to conceptualize time in _____ spatial dimensions,whereas Mandarin speakers tend to conceptualize time in _____ spatial dimensions.

Accepted Answer

A) horizontal;vertical 
B) horizontal;circular 
C) vertical;horizontal 
D) vertical;circular 
A) horizontal;vertical 
B) horizontal;circular 
C) vertical;horizontal 
D) vertical;circular

Question 14

If given the choice,which alternative will the rational person choose?

Accepted Answer

A) 90% opportunity to gain $100 
B) 50% opportunity to gain $1,000 
C) 40% opportunity to gain $2,000 
D) 10% opportunity to gain $4,000 
A) 90% opportunity to gain $100 
B) 50% opportunity to gain $1,000 
C) 40% opportunity to gain $2,000 
D) 10% opportunity to gain $4,000

Question 15

Two problems are said to be analogous when they:

Accepted Answer

A) have the same superficial goal state. 
B) have the same superficial current state. 
C) differ in structure but deal with the same topic. 
D) have a similar structure in terms of current and goal states. 
A) have the same superficial goal state. 
B) have the same superficial current state. 
C) differ in structure but deal with the same topic. 
D) have a similar structure in terms of current and goal states.

Question 16

A patient has an inoperable tumor.Destroying the tumor with chemotherapy represents a(n)_____ solution.

Accepted Answer

A) direct means 
B) indirect means 
C) sunk-cost 
D) analogical 
A) direct means 
B) indirect means 
C) sunk-cost 
D) analogical

Question 17

Who studied color perception in the Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea?

Accepted Answer

A) Benjamin Whorf 
B) Noam Chomsky 
C) Eleanor Rosch 
D) Allen Gardner 
A) Benjamin Whorf 
B) Noam Chomsky 
C) Eleanor Rosch 
D) Allen Gardner

Question 18

According to prospect theory,when will people choose to take on risks?

Accepted Answer

A) never,as it is a rational choice model 
B) when evaluating potential gains 
C) when evaluating potential losses 
D) when outcomes are framed in terms of probability 
A) never,as it is a rational choice model 
B) when evaluating potential gains 
C) when evaluating potential losses 
D) when outcomes are framed in terms of probability

Question 19

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between logic and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) If people reason,they necessarily use logic. 
B) Logic is a necessary and sufficient cause of reasoning. 
C) Logic is a tool to evaluate reasoning. 
D) Logic frames the parameters in which reasoning can occur. 
A) If people reason,they necessarily use logic. 
B) Logic is a necessary and sufficient cause of reasoning. 
C) Logic is a tool to evaluate reasoning. 
D) Logic frames the parameters in which reasoning can occur.

Question 20

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.Solvable series were termed:

Accepted Answer

A) coherent. 
B) insightful. 
C) rational. 
D) categorical. 
A) coherent. 
B) insightful. 
C) rational. 
D) categorical.

Exam 9: Language and Thought-Part A

Recent research on bilingualism that corrected the flaws from earlier studies indicate that bilingualism is associated with:

Which view states that people choose to take on risks when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains?

Paul is deep in credit card debt.His goal state is to be debt free,but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment.According to a means-ends analysis,Paul should:

When Karen,a toddler,wants her mother to give her more juice,she says,"More juice," instead of saying,"Juice more." This way of expressing herself shows that Karen understands:

About _____ in 10 Americans speak only English.

In culturally diverse cities,the ability to speak two or more languages fluently is associated with:

By the age of 5 years,the average child has a vocabulary of about _____ words.

People believe that,compared with other people,they are more likely to experience positive events and less likely to experience negative events in the future.This pehomenon is termed _____ bias.

According to Gestalt psychologists,insights reflect:

Which strategy is NOT used in means-ends analysis?

English speakers tend to conceptualize time in _____ spatial dimensions,whereas Mandarin speakers tend to conceptualize time in _____ spatial dimensions.

If given the choice,which alternative will the rational person choose?

Two problems are said to be analogous when they:

A patient has an inoperable tumor.Destroying the tumor with chemotherapy represents a(n)_____ solution.

Who studied color perception in the Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea?

According to prospect theory,when will people choose to take on risks?

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between logic and reasoning?

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.Solvable series were termed:

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part A

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part A

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A

Social Psychology-Part B

English speakers tend to conceptualize time in _ spatial dimensions,whereas Mandarin speakers tend to conceptualize time in _ spatial dimensions.