Question 1

What type of shielding can be used to protect against gamma rays?

Accepted Answer

A) paper 
B) lead 
C) heavy clothing 
D) No shielding is effective against gamma rays. 
A) paper 
B) lead 
C) heavy clothing 
D) No shielding is effective against gamma rays.

Question 2

What is the mass change in grams for the reaction 2 NO2(g)→ N2O4(g)? The enthalpy for the reaction is -57.2 kJ.

Accepted Answer

A) -6.36 × 10-13 g 
B) -6.36 × 10-10 g 
C) -1.91 × 10-7 g 
D) -1.91 × 10-4 g 
A) -6.36 × 10-13 g 
B) -6.36 × 10-10 g 
C) -1.91 × 10-7 g 
D) -1.91 × 10-4 g

Question 3

What percentage of a radioactive substance remains after 6.00 half-lives have elapsed?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.781% 
B) 1.56% 
C) 3.12% 
D) 6.25% 
A) 0.781% 
B) 1.56% 
C) 3.12% 
D) 6.25%

Question 4

The loss in mass that occurs when protons and neutrons combine to form a nucleus is called the ________ of the nucleus,and the corresponding energy released during the formation of that nucleus is the ________ that holds the nucleus together.

Accepted Answer

mass defec

Question 5

If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu,the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu,and the mass of 12C nucleus is 11.99671 amu,calculate the binding energy for the 12C nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) 8.90 × 109 kJ/mol 
B) 8.90 × 1012 kJ/mol 
C) 1.10 × 1015 kJ/mol 
D) 1.10 × 1018 kJ/mol 
A) 8.90 × 109 kJ/mol 
B) 8.90 × 1012 kJ/mol 
C) 1.10 × 1015 kJ/mol 
D) 1.10 × 1018 kJ/mol

Question 6

Radium occurs only in uranium ores,typically with an observed Ra/U ratio of 1mg/3kg.Uranium ores normally contain only about 200 ppm of U.How many kilograms of uranium ore must be processed to obtain 1 mg of radium?

Accepted Answer

A) 1700 kg ore 
B) 15,000 kg ore 
C) 6.0 × 108 kg ore 
D) None of these 
A) 1700 kg ore 
B) 15,000 kg ore 
C) 6.0 × 108 kg ore 
D) None of these

Question 7

Most of the radiation to which people are exposed comes from

Accepted Answer

A) atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. 
B) emissions from nuclear power plants. 
C) medical procedures. 
D) natural sources. 
A) atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. 
B) emissions from nuclear power plants. 
C) medical procedures. 
D) natural sources.

Question 8

Which type of radiation source would pose the greatest health risk when used internally for a medical procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) an alpha emitter,t1/2 = 6 hours 
B) a beta emitter,t1/2 = 5 hours 
C) a beta emitter,t1/2 = 15 days 
D) a gamma emitter,t1/2 = 4 hours 
A) an alpha emitter,t1/2 = 6 hours 
B) a beta emitter,t1/2 = 5 hours 
C) a beta emitter,t1/2 = 15 days 
D) a gamma emitter,t1/2 = 4 hours

Question 9

A researcher needs 5.00 mg of 128Ba for an experiment.If the half-life of 128Ba is 2.43 days,how many milligrams of 128BaCl2 must she order from the manufacturer if it takes 4.50 days to ship the material from the manufacturer to the university? (Assume the molar mass of 128Ba is 128 g/mol. )

Accepted Answer

A) 11.6 mg 
B) 18.0 mg 
C) 21.5 mg 
D) 44.9 mg 
A) 11.6 mg 
B) 18.0 mg 
C) 21.5 mg 
D) 44.9 mg

Question 10

C has a decay constant,k = 1.209 × 10-4 yr-1 and a half-life of ________ years.

Accepted Answer

Question 11

Radiation is detected by its ________ properties.

Accepted Answer

A) gravitational 
B) ionizing 
C) kinetic 
D) thermal 
A) gravitational 
B) ionizing 
C) kinetic 
D) thermal

Question 12

Which of the following isotopes is not used for medical purposes?

Accepted Answer

A) .18F 
B) .12C 
C) .32P 
D) .99mTc 
A) .18F 
B) .12C 
C) .32P 
D) .99mTc

Question 13

Which does not apply to a nuclear fusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Atoms of one element cannot be converted to atoms of another element. 
B) Energy is conserved. 
C) Matter is conserved. 
D) None of these apply to a nuclear fusion reaction. 
A) Atoms of one element cannot be converted to atoms of another element. 
B) Energy is conserved. 
C) Matter is conserved. 
D) None of these apply to a nuclear fusion reaction.

Question 14

The binding energy is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of energy absorbed when electrons are added to an ion. 
B) the amount of energy absorbed when protons and neutrons form a nucleus. 
C) the amount of energy released when electrons are removed from the atom. 
D) the amount of energy required to break apart a nucleus into individual protons and neutrons. 
A) the amount of energy absorbed when electrons are added to an ion. 
B) the amount of energy absorbed when protons and neutrons form a nucleus. 
C) the amount of energy released when electrons are removed from the atom. 
D) the amount of energy required to break apart a nucleus into individual protons and neutrons.

Question 15

Neptunium-239 has a half-life of 2.35 days.How many days must elapse for a sample of 239Np to decay to 1.00% of its original quantity?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0640 days 
B) 0.736 days 
C) 1.36 days 
D) 15.6 days 
A) 0.0640 days 
B) 0.736 days 
C) 1.36 days 
D) 15.6 days

Question 16

What nuclide is formed when   U undergoes a portion of the decay series: alpha,beta,beta,alpha,alpha,alpha.

Accepted Answer

A)   
Ra 
B)   
Rn 
C)   
Th 
D)   
Pb 
A)   
Ra 
B)   
Rn 
C)   
Th 
D)   
Pb

Question 17

How much energy is released for alpha decay of 236U? The masses of 4He,232Th,and 236U are 4.002604,232.038124,and 236.045637 amu,respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.473 × 108 kJ/mol 
B) 4.418 × 108 kJ/mol 
C) 4.909 × 108 kJ/mol 
D) 7.209 × 108 kJ/mol 
A) 1.473 × 108 kJ/mol 
B) 4.418 × 108 kJ/mol 
C) 4.909 × 108 kJ/mol 
D) 7.209 × 108 kJ/mol

Question 18

The effects of ionizing radiation depend on

Accepted Answer

A) length of exposure to radiation. 
B) location of source (internal or external). 
C) type and energy of radiation. 
D) All of these 
A) length of exposure to radiation. 
B) location of source (internal or external). 
C) type and energy of radiation. 
D) All of these

Question 19

What is the decay constant for a radioactive isotope which decreases to 34% of its original value in 2.48 hours?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.137 hr-1 
B) 0.168 hr-1 
C) 0.435 hr-1 
D) 2.30 hr-1 
A) 0.137 hr-1 
B) 0.168 hr-1 
C) 0.435 hr-1 
D) 2.30 hr-1

Question 20

Which unit of radiation describes the amount of energy absorbed by a kilogram of tissue exposed to a radiation source?

Accepted Answer

A) becquerel 
B) curie 
C) rad 
D) rem 
A) becquerel 
B) curie 
C) rad 
D) rem

Exam 19: Nuclear Chemistry

What type of shielding can be used to protect against gamma rays?

What is the mass change in grams for the reaction 2 NO2(g)→ N2O4(g)? The enthalpy for the reaction is -57.2 kJ.

What percentage of a radioactive substance remains after 6.00 half-lives have elapsed?

The loss in mass that occurs when protons and neutrons combine to form a nucleus is called the ________ of the nucleus,and the corresponding energy released during the formation of that nucleus is the ________ that holds the nucleus together.

If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu,the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu,and the mass of 12C nucleus is 11.99671 amu,calculate the binding energy for the 12C nucleus.

Radium occurs only in uranium ores,typically with an observed Ra/U ratio of 1mg/3kg.Uranium ores normally contain only about 200 ppm of U.How many kilograms of uranium ore must be processed to obtain 1 mg of radium?

Most of the radiation to which people are exposed comes from

Which type of radiation source would pose the greatest health risk when used internally for a medical procedure?

A researcher needs 5.00 mg of 128Ba for an experiment.If the half-life of 128Ba is 2.43 days,how many milligrams of 128BaCl2 must she order from the manufacturer if it takes 4.50 days to ship the material from the manufacturer to the university? (Assume the molar mass of 128Ba is 128 g/mol. )

C has a decay constant,k = 1.209 × 10-4 yr-1 and a half-life of ________ years.

Radiation is detected by its ________ properties.

Which of the following isotopes is not used for medical purposes?

Which does not apply to a nuclear fusion reaction?

The binding energy is defined as

Neptunium-239 has a half-life of 2.35 days.How many days must elapse for a sample of 239Np to decay to 1.00% of its original quantity?

What nuclide is formed when U undergoes a portion of the decay series: alpha,beta,beta,alpha,alpha,alpha.

How much energy is released for alpha decay of 236U? The masses of 4He,232Th,and 236U are 4.002604,232.038124,and 236.045637 amu,respectively.

The effects of ionizing radiation depend on

What is the decay constant for a radioactive isotope which decreases to 34% of its original value in 2.48 hours?

Which unit of radiation describes the amount of energy absorbed by a kilogram of tissue exposed to a radiation source?

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What is the mass change in grams for the reaction 2 NO₂(g)→ N₂O₄(g)? The enthalpy for the reaction is -57.2 kJ.

The loss in mass that occurs when protons and neutrons combine to form a nucleus is called the of the nucleus,and the corresponding energy released during the formation of that nucleus is the that holds the nucleus together.

If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu,the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu,and the mass of ¹²C nucleus is 11.99671 amu,calculate the binding energy for the ¹²C nucleus.

C has a decay constant,k = 1.209 × 10^-4 yr^-1 and a half-life of ________ years.

Neptunium-239 has a half-life of 2.35 days.How many days must elapse for a sample of ²³⁹Np to decay to 1.00% of its original quantity?

How much energy is released for alpha decay of ²³⁶U? The masses of ⁴He,²³²Th,and ²³⁶U are 4.002604,232.038124,and 236.045637 amu,respectively.