Exam 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism

The explanation for how ATP bonds are actually formed during oxidative phosphorylation is called

The rates of chemical reactions that occur in the human body are controlled by a particular type of proteins called ________.

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -dehydrogenase

The ________ contains the coding sequence of the gene.

What are the five ways that cells regulate flow of molecules through their metabolic pathways?

Explain how enzymes can be useful in the diagnosis of disease,giving specific examples.Is the change in enzyme concentration a direct or indirect result of the disease?

Describe the four types of enzymatic reactions.

Carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid.The change in pH as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a particular pH.In your physiology lab,you perform this experiment in two beakers containing room-temperature water and indicator,labeled Resting and Exercise based upon the status of the student who exhaled through a straw into the solution.The Resting student had been sitting at the table for 30 minutes before exhaling while the Exercise student had just finished sprinting up the stairs to class late.A stopwatch was used to measure how long it took for the solutions to change color.The following data were generated by the students.Explain why the time required for the color to change was different between groups,using the word substrate in your answer.

Once the promoter region of a gene is activated,________ unwinds the DNA of the downstream gene and begins the process of ________.What is the molecule generated by this process? How does the cell control the amount of this molecule released from the nucleus?

Enzymes increase reaction rate by

The active sites of enzymes are

An enzyme that transfers phosphates from ATP to a substrate molecule is a

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -dehydratase

For each NADH molecule that moves through the electron transport system,what is the potential yield of ATP molecules?

NADH is produced from each reaction described except one.Identify the exception.

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -lipase

Changes in environmental pH or temperature will cause the reaction rate for an enzyme to

What is the result of alternative splicing of mRNA?

In the reaction shown,identify the role of each of the participants. CO₂ + H₂O H₂CO₃ -CO₂ + H₂O

Briefly describe oxidation-reduction reactions.What does it mean for a molecule to be reduced or oxidized? Identify and explain the mnemonic device provided in the text for oxidation and reduction reactions.See if you can make one up yourself.