Exam 19: The Kidneys

A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher than normal GFR.Explain why a decrease in plasma protein concentration would cause an increase in GFR.

The percentage of total plasma volume that filters is called the ________.

Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs.What is it?

The amount of filtrate entering the proximal tubules of the kidneys each minute is the ________.

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the

The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Neural control of GFR is mediated by ________ that innervate ________ receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing ________.

Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium. -glucose

The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the

Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydraulic pressure of 69 mm Hg,and a fluid pressure in the Bowman's capsule of 15 mm Hg.Assuming that the plasma osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg,and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus,what is the net glomerular filtration pressure in this case?

If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by

Trace a drop of water through the urinary system,beginning with the plasma in the renal artery.

When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration,more of the substance will be

The excretion of glucose in the urine is called ________.

One substance has no membrane transporters to move it but can diffuse freely through open leak channels if there is a concentration gradient.Initially,this substance's concentrations in the filtrate and extracellular fluid are equal.Later,however,the active transport of Na⁺ and other solutes creates a gradient by removing water from the lumen of the tubule where it is located.What substance is this?

Urine is produced by the

Which statement is NOT true?

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen

List and describe the three filtration barriers that substances leaving the plasma must pass through before entering the tubule lumen.