Exam 19: The Kidneys

A man's leg was crushed between a car bumper and a wall.His physicians believe their patient has suffered kidney damage from myoglobin blocking glomerular pores.Tests showed the following results: plasma creatinine: 30 mg/100 mL plasma 24 hour urine specimen: volume = 1 liter urine creatinine 30 mg/mL urine A.How many mg of creatinine are in the urine specimen? How much creatinine appears in the urine per hour? B.What is the patient's creatinine clearance in mL/min? C.What is the patient's GFR? D.Is this a normal GFR? Did the patient sustain kidney damage?

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron lumen

Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium. -sodium

Describe GFR autoregulation,and explain why it is important.

Fred weighs 100 kg.Assume his total blood volume is 7%,his heart pumps his total blood volume within 90 seconds,and his renal blood flow is 20% of his cardiac output.Calculate the volume of blood that flows through Fred's kidneys each minute.

When fluid flow through the distal tubule increases as a result of increased GFR,the macula densa cells send a chemical message to the neighboring afferent arteriole.The afferent arteriole constricts,increasing resistance and decreasing GFR.This type of autoregulation involving both the kidney tubule and the arteriole is known as ________.

List and summarize the forces that influence filtration across the walls of glomerular capillaries.

The primary function of the proximal tubule is

The characteristic yellow color of urine is attributed to the presence of

In normal kidneys,blood cells and plasma proteins are

The portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle is the

Which structure is NOT part of the blood circulation through the kidney?

Which of the following statements about autoregulation is NOT true?

Contents in the peritubular capillaries are actively transported into proximal and distal convoluted tubules in a process known as:

Patrick's urine sample reveals a high concentration of glucose.Is glucose normally present in urine? Suggest two possible mechanisms to explain why the kidney would excrete excess glucose,and what abnormality may underlie those conditions.

Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the

Urine is carried to the external environment by the ________.

An obstruction in a glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the nephron lumen to the external environment

The segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the ________.