Question 1

Specific responses to changes in body temperature are regulated by the

Accepted Answer

A)  thermoreceptors. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  medulla oblongata. 
D)  skin. 
E)  cardiac output. 
A)  thermoreceptors. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  medulla oblongata. 
D)  skin. 
E)  cardiac output. B

Question 2

Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering from type I diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucosuria 
B)  ketoacidosis 
C)  thirst and polydipsia 
D)  hyperglycemia 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  glucosuria 
B)  ketoacidosis 
C)  thirst and polydipsia 
D)  hyperglycemia 
E)  All of these answers are correct. E

Question 3

It is known that exercise is good for diabetics.Explain how GLUT4 transporters may be involved in this beneficial effect of exercise.

Accepted Answer

When one exercises,skeletal muscles are utilized.Once they are active,they no longer require insulin to be able to take up glucose from the blood.This is due to the fact that exercise causes more GLUT4 transporters to be inserted into the membrane of the muscle cells.Thus,exercise is able to remove the excess glucose from the bloodstream of diabetics.

Question 4

A bomb calorimeter measures

Accepted Answer

A)  the carbon dioxide produced when a food sample is completely combusted. 
B)  the oxygen consumed when a food sample is completely combusted. 
C)  only the food calories available to the human body. 
D)  the heat produced when a food sample is completely combusted. 
E)  both carbon dioxide produced and oxygen consumed when a food sample is completely combusted. 
A)  the carbon dioxide produced when a food sample is completely combusted. 
B)  the oxygen consumed when a food sample is completely combusted. 
C)  only the food calories available to the human body. 
D)  the heat produced when a food sample is completely combusted. 
E)  both carbon dioxide produced and oxygen consumed when a food sample is completely combusted.

Question 5

Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells.The responses of the target cells to these two hormones are exactly the opposite of each other.This information implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  one hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and the other to an intracellular receptor. 
B)  each of the two hormones uses a different second messenger. 
C)  both hormones interact with receptors at the cell nucleus. 
D)  one of the hormones does not interact with a membrane receptor. 
A)  one hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and the other to an intracellular receptor. 
B)  each of the two hormones uses a different second messenger. 
C)  both hormones interact with receptors at the cell nucleus. 
D)  one of the hormones does not interact with a membrane receptor.

Question 6

During starvation,

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate utilization increases. 
B)  gluconeogenesis accelerates. 
C)  there is a decline in circulating ketone bodies. 
D)  structural proteins cannot be used as a potential energy source. 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  carbohydrate utilization increases. 
B)  gluconeogenesis accelerates. 
C)  there is a decline in circulating ketone bodies. 
D)  structural proteins cannot be used as a potential energy source. 
E)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

Dehydration can result from

Accepted Answer

A)  heat exhaustion. 
B)  CCK. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  gluconeogenesis. 
E)  heat exhaustion and diabetes. 
A)  heat exhaustion. 
B)  CCK. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  gluconeogenesis. 
E)  heat exhaustion and diabetes.

Question 8

In type 2 diabetes,insulin levels are frequently normal,yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin.This suggests that the target cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are impermeable to insulin. 
B)  may have a defect in their signal transduction pathway. 
C)  cannot convert insulin to an active form. 
D)  have adequate internal supplies of glucose. 
E)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  are impermeable to insulin. 
B)  may have a defect in their signal transduction pathway. 
C)  cannot convert insulin to an active form. 
D)  have adequate internal supplies of glucose. 
E)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 9

The process of disassembling fatty acids into two-carbon units inside mitochondria is called

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  deamination. 
C)  ketonization. 
D)  chemiosmosis. 
E)  beta-oxidation. 
A)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  deamination. 
C)  ketonization. 
D)  chemiosmosis. 
E)  beta-oxidation.

Question 10

During the fasting state,the energy stores of the ________ become the major source of glucose for the whole body.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain 
B)  liver 
C)  muscles 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adipose tissues 
A)  brain 
B)  liver 
C)  muscles 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adipose tissues

Question 11

Explain the relationship among chylomicrons,cholesterol,and the various forms of lipoproteins (LDL,HDL,etc.).What is the role of each one in the body? Why are some considered "bad" and others "good"? Where does each come from? Where could each end up?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons are complexes composed of t

Question 12

The most practical way to estimate a person's basal metabolic rate is to measure it when the person is

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeping. 
B)  resting after a large meal. 
C)  resting after a 12-hour fast. 
A)  sleeping. 
B)  resting after a large meal. 
C)  resting after a 12-hour fast.

Question 13

In the fasted state,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle will increase gluconeogenesis. 
B)  Pyruvate and lactate are transported to liver to make glucose. 
C)  Some amino acids will be deaminated. 
D)  Adipose breaks down its store of triglycerides. 
A)  Skeletal muscle will increase gluconeogenesis. 
B)  Pyruvate and lactate are transported to liver to make glucose. 
C)  Some amino acids will be deaminated. 
D)  Adipose breaks down its store of triglycerides.

Question 14

The brain relies solely on ________ as its energy source.If it is deprived of this substrate,the cells soon die.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids 
B)  glucose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  insulin 
A)  fatty acids 
B)  glucose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  insulin

Question 15

The process of synthesizing glucose from lipids,amino acids,or other carbohydrates is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of synthesizing glucose from lipids,amino...

Question 16

Define basal metabolic rate (BMR)and list the six factors affecting BMR.

Accepted Answer

BMR is an individual's lowest

Question 17

________ are molecules that prevent damage to our cells by stopping the destructive effects of free radical formation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are molecules that prevent damage to...

Question 18

Match each term to its definition.
-reactions that result in the synthesis of large molecules

Accepted Answer

A) anabolism 
B) biochemical pathway 
C) catabolism 
A) anabolism 
B) biochemical pathway 
C) catabolism

Question 19

The pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose concentration is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose...

Question 20

________ is the amount of heat generated during the digestion of a meal.

Accepted Answer

Diet-induc

Exam 22: Metabolism and Energy Balance

Specific responses to changes in body temperature are regulated by the

Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering from type I diabetes mellitus?

It is known that exercise is good for diabetics.Explain how GLUT4 transporters may be involved in this beneficial effect of exercise.

A bomb calorimeter measures

Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells.The responses of the target cells to these two hormones are exactly the opposite of each other.This information implies that

During starvation,

Dehydration can result from

In type 2 diabetes,insulin levels are frequently normal,yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin.This suggests that the target cells

The process of disassembling fatty acids into two-carbon units inside mitochondria is called

During the fasting state,the energy stores of the ________ become the major source of glucose for the whole body.

Explain the relationship among chylomicrons,cholesterol,and the various forms of lipoproteins (LDL,HDL,etc.).What is the role of each one in the body? Why are some considered "bad" and others "good"? Where does each come from? Where could each end up?

The most practical way to estimate a person's basal metabolic rate is to measure it when the person is

In the fasted state,which of the following statements is FALSE?

The brain relies solely on ________ as its energy source.If it is deprived of this substrate,the cells soon die.

The process of synthesizing glucose from lipids,amino acids,or other carbohydrates is called ________.

Define basal metabolic rate (BMR)and list the six factors affecting BMR.

________ are molecules that prevent damage to our cells by stopping the destructive effects of free radical formation.

Match each term to its definition. -reactions that result in the synthesis of large molecules

The pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose concentration is ________.

________ is the amount of heat generated during the digestion of a meal.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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