Exam 24: The Immune System

Explain the role of exposure to antigens in the development of the immune system in the fetus and in the primary and secondary immune responses in children and adults.How does this compare to the role of innate immunity?

When an antigen complex is bound to a Class I MHC molecule,it can stimulate a

A decrease in which population of lymphocytes would impair all aspects of an immune response?

Chemotaxins function in

Cells that help to regulate the immune response are

Which is NOT a pathogen?

The retrovirus HIV frequently undergoes mutations,making it difficult for scientists to develop a single effective vaccine.When flu vaccines are administered,patients are told that they are only protected from one strain of the flu and are still as susceptible to other strains as unvaccinated people.Explain why.

Joey is 6 months old and requires a blood transfusion; his blood type is B.What type of blood may he receive? Is his age a factor in your answer? What would happen if he received a "wrong" blood type? If Joey were younger,is it possible that there is no "wrong" blood type? Why may it surprise a beginning physiology student,familiar with the basics of immunology,that a person could mount an immediate immune response to transfused blood? Explain all of your answers.

In a routine examination,some blood is taken and analyzed.The results show a high IgM level for the mumps antigen.This would indicate

The cells that are actively involved in immunological surveillance are the

Explain each of these terms: antibiotic,antibody,antigen,antihistamine,antiretroviral drug,antiviral drug.

A patient has elevated neutrophils and monocytes with normal levels of basophils,eosinophils,and lymphocytes.Which of the following is the most likely cause of these test results?

Zoonotic diseases are transmissable from animals to humans.These include ringworm,a fungus which infects pets and people,plague,a bacterial disease resulting from a flea bite to mammals including humans,and rabies,a viral disease of the central nervous system that affects all mammals and is almost always fatal.On the other hand,the feline immunodeficiency virus has no effect on humans and human immunodeficiency virus has no effect on cats,though each may be deadly to its normal host.Speculate on what may prevent cross-species infection in some cases and allow it in others.

Compare and contrast innate and acquired immunity.

In an experimental situation focused on the development of a new vaccine,mice were injected with a viral antigen.Their plasma was removed in order to detect the presence of antibodies.This is an example of

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are

Which of the following acts as the earliest form of defense against exogenous pathogens in the list?

Which of the following immune cells are also known as Langerhans cells?

Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are

Match the cell type with its description. -Cytotoxic,these cells are associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infestations.Usually these cells are less than 3% of the leukocyte population,and only live up to 12 hours.