Question 1

Symptoms of low plasma pH may include

Accepted Answer

A)  CNS depression. 
B)  confusion and disorientation. 
C)  numbness, tingling, or muscle twitches. 
D)  CNS depression and confusion and disorientation. 
E)  CNS depression; confusion and disorientation; and numbness, tingling, or muscle twitches. 
A)  CNS depression. 
B)  confusion and disorientation. 
C)  numbness, tingling, or muscle twitches. 
D)  CNS depression and confusion and disorientation. 
E)  CNS depression; confusion and disorientation; and numbness, tingling, or muscle twitches. D

Question 2

An increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyperpotassemia. 
C)  hyperpotasseplasmia. 
D)  hyperkalemia. 
E)  hypercalcemia. 
A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyperpotassemia. 
C)  hyperpotasseplasmia. 
D)  hyperkalemia. 
E)  hypercalcemia. D

Question 3

The hormone ADH

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity. 
B)  stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium ion. 
C)  stimulates water conservation at the kidneys. 
D)  causes the kidneys to produce a large volume of urine. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity. 
B)  stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium ion. 
C)  stimulates water conservation at the kidneys. 
D)  causes the kidneys to produce a large volume of urine. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. C

Question 4

Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may...

Question 5

Diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances,including acidosis.The pH imbalance is due to ketoacidosis,which results from excessive accumulation of by-products of fat metabolism,as the body cannot meet energy needs from carbohydrate metabolism.Sally is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not taking her insulin.Her mother takes her to the hospital because her breathing has become deep and gasping.Explain Sally's breathing pattern.What other compensatory responses may occur,and would they occur earlier or later than the respiratory response?

Accepted Answer

Sally's respiratory system is responding

Question 6

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H2O and CO2 to H2CO3 is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Question 7

Gossip,an undergraduate,has normal PCO2 levels,high H+ levels,low pH and bicarbonate levels.What type of disturbance is Gossip suffering from and what might cause this? If his PCO2 were elevated,would your answer change? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Gossip is likely suffering from metaboli

Question 8

Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron 
B)  to make urine less concentrated 
C)  to increase passive reabsorption of water 
D)  to decrease blood pressure 
A)  to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron 
B)  to make urine less concentrated 
C)  to increase passive reabsorption of water 
D)  to decrease blood pressure

Question 9

Paracrine feedback from the ________ in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paracrine feedback from the ________ in the...

Question 10

Most body water is located

Accepted Answer

A)  in plasma. 
B)  in interstitial fluid. 
C)  inside cells. 
D)  in lumens of organs open to the outside. 
A)  in plasma. 
B)  in interstitial fluid. 
C)  inside cells. 
D)  in lumens of organs open to the outside.

Question 11

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the GFR. 
B)  inhibits the release of renin. 
C)  stimulates the release of renin. 
D)  increases the GFR and inhibits the release of renin. 
E)  increases the GFR and stimulates the release of renin. 
A)  increases the GFR. 
B)  inhibits the release of renin. 
C)  stimulates the release of renin. 
D)  increases the GFR and inhibits the release of renin. 
E)  increases the GFR and stimulates the release of renin.

Question 12

The high ________ osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.

Accepted Answer

medullary

Question 13

Kidneys regulate

Accepted Answer

A)  water loss only. 
B)  water gain only. 
C)  both water loss and gain. 
A)  water loss only. 
B)  water gain only. 
C)  both water loss and gain.

Question 14

What are the two ways of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

1.convert HCO₃^-into ca

Question 15

As a result of respiratory alkalosis,

Accepted Answer

A)  the respiratory rate increases. 
B)  the tidal volume increases. 
C)  the kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D)  the kidneys secrete fewer hydrogen ions. 
E)  the body retains less carbon dioxide. 
A)  the respiratory rate increases. 
B)  the tidal volume increases. 
C)  the kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D)  the kidneys secrete fewer hydrogen ions. 
E)  the body retains less carbon dioxide.

Question 16

Mr.Gregory comes to the doctor with high blood pressure.Tests show that he also has elevated levels of renin in his blood and atherosclerotic plaques that have nearly blocked blood flow through his renal arteries.Mr.Gregory is puzzled.Explain to him how decreased blood flow in his renal arteries could cause renin secretion to increase.Map the pathways through which elevated renin causes high blood pressure for Mr.Gregory.

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerotic plaques block blood flow

Question 17

Drugs that treat hypertension by preventing Angiotensin I from becoming Angiotensin II are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ACE inhibitors. 
B)  beta blockers. 
C)  calcium channel blockers. 
D)  diuretics. 
A)  ACE inhibitors. 
B)  beta blockers. 
C)  calcium channel blockers. 
D)  diuretics.

Question 18

When venous return is increased,stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated. This results in

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of ADH. 
B)  inhibition of ADH secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst. 
A)  secretion of ADH. 
B)  inhibition of ADH secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst.

Question 19

Dan has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water.As a result,you would expect to observe

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated ADH levels. 
B)  decreased blood osmolarity. 
C)  normal urine production. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  cells enlarged with fluid. 
A)  elevated ADH levels. 
B)  decreased blood osmolarity. 
C)  normal urine production. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  cells enlarged with fluid.

Question 20

"Water,water,every where,nor any drop to drink" is a phrase from the Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.This poem describes an ocean ship unable to sail to land and running out of its supply of fresh water; sailors have long known that drinking seawater cannot prevent death from dehydration.What would result if the sailors attempted to alleviate their dehydration by drinking seawater? Justify your answer by describing kidney physiology.Why wouldn't reflexes,in response to dehydration,fully compensate? What does this illustrate about the force allowing kidneys to retain water under more normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

The osmolarity of seawater is higher tha

Exam 20: Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Symptoms of low plasma pH may include

An increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called

The hormone ADH

Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called ________.

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H2O and CO2 to H2CO3 is called ________.

Gossip,an undergraduate,has normal PCO2 levels,high H+ levels,low pH and bicarbonate levels.What type of disturbance is Gossip suffering from and what might cause this? If his PCO2 were elevated,would your answer change? Explain.

Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?

Paracrine feedback from the ________ in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of ________.

Most body water is located

Atrial natriuretic peptide

The high ________ osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.

Kidneys regulate

What are the two ways of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

As a result of respiratory alkalosis,

Drugs that treat hypertension by preventing Angiotensin I from becoming Angiotensin II are called

When venous return is increased,stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated. This results in

Dan has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water.As a result,you would expect to observe

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H₂O and CO₂ to H₂CO₃is called ________.

Gossip,an undergraduate,has normal P_CO₂ levels,high H⁺ levels,low pH and bicarbonate levels.What type of disturbance is Gossip suffering from and what might cause this? If his P_CO₂ were elevated,would your answer change? Explain.

Paracrine feedback from the in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of .