Question 1

Stimuli for the activation of the RAAS pathway include

Accepted Answer

A)  low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron only. 
B)  a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule only. 
C)  high blood pressure in the renal artery only. 
D)  low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule. 
E)  low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron, a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule, and high blood pressure in the renal artery. 
A)  low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron only. 
B)  a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule only. 
C)  high blood pressure in the renal artery only. 
D)  low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule. 
E)  low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron, a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule, and high blood pressure in the renal artery.

Question 2

Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen production only 
B)  glycogen breakdown only 
C)  protein synthesis only 
D)  both glycogen production and protein synthesis 
E)  both glycogen breakdown and protein synthesis 
A)  glycogen production only 
B)  glycogen breakdown only 
C)  protein synthesis only 
D)  both glycogen production and protein synthesis 
E)  both glycogen breakdown and protein synthesis

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true about angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases cardiac output 
B)  activates parasympathetic output 
C)  is a potent vasoconstrictor 
D)  elevates blood pressure 
E)  stimulates thirst 
A)  increases cardiac output 
B)  activates parasympathetic output 
C)  is a potent vasoconstrictor 
D)  elevates blood pressure 
E)  stimulates thirst

Question 4

ACE converts

Accepted Answer

A)  renin to angiotensinogen. 
B)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
D)  angiotensin II to aldosterone. 
E)  renin to aldosterone. 
A)  renin to angiotensinogen. 
B)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
D)  angiotensin II to aldosterone. 
E)  renin to aldosterone.

Question 5

The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

countercur

Question 6

The primary osmoreceptors are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  pons. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla. 
A)  pons. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla.

Question 7

A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Two hours before major surgery is to begin,the patient experiences "jitters," an elevated heart rate and blood pressure,increased rate of breathing,cold sweats,and an urge to urinate.These symptoms are the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic activation. 
B)  decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood. 
C)  decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. 
D)  increased parasympathetic activity. 
E)  all of these mechanisms. 
A)  sympathetic activation. 
B)  decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood. 
C)  decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. 
D)  increased parasympathetic activity. 
E)  all of these mechanisms.

Question 9

Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause active secretion of potassium in the loop of Henle. 
B)  They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle. 
C)  They inhibit intestinal absorption of potassium. 
D)  They cause active reabsorption of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule. 
A)  They cause active secretion of potassium in the loop of Henle. 
B)  They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle. 
C)  They inhibit intestinal absorption of potassium. 
D)  They cause active reabsorption of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 10

Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  both passive and active transport processes. 
B)  cotransport with ions. 
C)  exchange with ions. 
D)  osmosis. 
A)  both passive and active transport processes. 
B)  cotransport with ions. 
C)  exchange with ions. 
D)  osmosis.

Question 11

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  erythropoietin. 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide. 
E)  adrenaline. 
A)  angiotensin. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  erythropoietin. 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide. 
E)  adrenaline.

Question 12

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by enzymes primarily located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  liver. 
C)  heart. 
D)  lungs. 
E)  blood vessels. 
A)  kidneys. 
B)  liver. 
C)  heart. 
D)  lungs. 
E)  blood vessels.

Question 13

Mary,a nursing student,has been caring for burn patients.She notices that they consistently show elevated levels of potassium in their urine and wonders why.What would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

When tissues are burned,cells are destro

Question 14

Removal of excess water in urine is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Removal of excess water in urine is...

Question 15

AQP2 water pores are added to the cell membrane by ________ and withdrawn by ________ in a process known as ________.

Accepted Answer

exocytosis

Question 16

Thirst is

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled by centers in the hypothalamus. 
B)  triggered by increased osmolarity. 
C)  relieved only when plasma osmolarity is decreased. 
D)  controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity. 
E)  controlled by centers in the hypothalamus, triggered by increased osmolarity, and relieved only when plasma osmolarity is decreased. 
A)  controlled by centers in the hypothalamus. 
B)  triggered by increased osmolarity. 
C)  relieved only when plasma osmolarity is decreased. 
D)  controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity. 
E)  controlled by centers in the hypothalamus, triggered by increased osmolarity, and relieved only when plasma osmolarity is decreased.

Question 17

The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory 
B)  urinary 
C)  digestive 
D)  integumentary 
E)  cardiovascular 
A)  respiratory 
B)  urinary 
C)  digestive 
D)  integumentary 
E)  cardiovascular

Question 18

When the pH of body fluids begins to fall,proteins will

Accepted Answer

A)  release a hydrogen from the carboxyl group. 
B)  release a hydrogen from the amino group. 
C)  bind a hydrogen at the carboxyl group. 
D)  bind a hydrogen at the amino group. 
E)  cause none of these actions. 
A)  release a hydrogen from the carboxyl group. 
B)  release a hydrogen from the amino group. 
C)  bind a hydrogen at the carboxyl group. 
D)  bind a hydrogen at the amino group. 
E)  cause none of these actions.

Question 19

"Glucose,glucose,every where,nor any speck to utilize" is a phrase made up by one of the authors working on this test question.Similar to the irony of not being able to prevent dehydration by drinking seawater,people with untreated diabetes mellitus are unable to prevent starvation despite the large amount of glucose surrounding their cells; as if that isn't bad enough,dehydration is also a problem.Explain why there is glucose in the urine of such people,why glucose is not present in the urine of normal people,and why diabetics become dehydrated.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is in the urine simply because t

Question 20

When the pH rises above 7.45,a state of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the pH rises above 7.45,a state...

Exam 20: Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Stimuli for the activation of the RAAS pathway include

Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT true about angiotensin II?

ACE converts

The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the ________.

The primary osmoreceptors are located in the

A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of

Two hours before major surgery is to begin,the patient experiences "jitters," an elevated heart rate and blood pressure,increased rate of breathing,cold sweats,and an urge to urinate.These symptoms are the result of

Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?

Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by enzymes primarily located in the

Mary,a nursing student,has been caring for burn patients.She notices that they consistently show elevated levels of potassium in their urine and wonders why.What would you tell her?

Removal of excess water in urine is known as ________.

AQP2 water pores are added to the cell membrane by ________ and withdrawn by ________ in a process known as ________.

Thirst is

The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ________ system.

When the pH of body fluids begins to fall,proteins will

When the pH rises above 7.45,a state of ________ exists.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

AQP2 water pores are added to the cell membrane by and withdrawn by in a process known as .