Question 1

Water gain during a day comes from either ________ or ________.How is water lost during a day?

Accepted Answer

food,drink

Question 2

The hormone that regulates water excretion by the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
B)  increases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
C)  only decreases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules. 
D)  only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules. 
A)  decreases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
B)  increases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
C)  only decreases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules. 
D)  only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.

Question 3

What are oropharynx receptors,which hormone do they suppress,and how is it known that they exist? If a person stranded on a desert island drank seawater to try to quench his thirst,how would this affect the oropharynx receptors?

Accepted Answer

Oropharynx receptors inhibit the sense o

Question 4

The RAAS pathway begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of angiotensin converting enzyme. 
B)  secretion of the enzyme renin. 
C)  secretion of angiotensinogen. 
D)  secretion of aldosterone. 
E)  secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 
A)  secretion of angiotensin converting enzyme. 
B)  secretion of the enzyme renin. 
C)  secretion of angiotensinogen. 
D)  secretion of aldosterone. 
E)  secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 5

Decreased ECF volume causes

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase. 
B)  parasympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase. 
C)  the force of ventricular contraction to decrease. 
D)  arteriolar vasodilation. 
E)  sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase and arteriolar vasodilation. 
A)  sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase. 
B)  parasympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase. 
C)  the force of ventricular contraction to decrease. 
D)  arteriolar vasodilation. 
E)  sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase and arteriolar vasodilation.

Question 6

The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive and respiratory. 
B)  urinary and respiratory. 
C)  cardiovascular and respiratory. 
D)  urinary and cardiovascular. 
E)  digestive and cardiovascular. 
A)  digestive and respiratory. 
B)  urinary and respiratory. 
C)  cardiovascular and respiratory. 
D)  urinary and cardiovascular. 
E)  digestive and cardiovascular.

Question 7

Cell volume (and therefore cell function)in most cells is dependent upon careful regulation of

Accepted Answer

A)  volume of extracellular fluid. 
B)  blood pressure. 
C)  osmolarity of extracellular fluid. 
D)  permeability of cell membranes. 
E)  resting membrane potential. 
A)  volume of extracellular fluid. 
B)  blood pressure. 
C)  osmolarity of extracellular fluid. 
D)  permeability of cell membranes. 
E)  resting membrane potential.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart. 
B)  Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys. 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst. 
D)  Atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses ADH secretion. 
E)  Atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion. 
A)  Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart. 
B)  Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys. 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst. 
D)  Atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses ADH secretion. 
E)  Atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion.

Question 9

Juxtaglomerular cells in the nephron secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensinogen. 
B)  angiotensin I. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  renin. 
E)  angiotensin converting enzyme. 
A)  angiotensinogen. 
B)  angiotensin I. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  renin. 
E)  angiotensin converting enzyme.

Question 10

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be?

Accepted Answer

As long as the ratio of bicarbonate ion

Question 11

When a body is dehydrated,water in the urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)  can be returned to the circulation directly. 
B)  can be returned to the circulation after moving back into the kidneys. 
C)  will still be expelled from the body in the urine. 
A)  can be returned to the circulation directly. 
B)  can be returned to the circulation after moving back into the kidneys. 
C)  will still be expelled from the body in the urine.

Question 12

The ________ cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ cells of the distal nephron...

Question 13

A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated blood pressure. 
B)  increased retention of sodium ions at the kidney. 
C)  increased water retention. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  all of these effects. 
A)  elevated blood pressure. 
B)  increased retention of sodium ions at the kidney. 
C)  increased water retention. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  all of these effects.

Question 14

Prolonged vomiting of the stomach's contents can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

The cellular mechanisms for renal handling of H+ and HCO3- involve several membrane transporters; name three.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include:
1.ap

Question 16

The hormone that directly controls water excretion by the kidneys is

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  angiotensin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  angiotensin.

Question 17

Devising new food recipes is more successful when the chefs understand basic food chemistry.For example,to create a new cake recipe,one must understand the role of both acids and bases in leavening (rising,or trapping of tiny gas bubbles as dough is baking,to provide the characteristic texture).The principle is to incorporate baking soda (NaHCO3)into an acidic batter,causing a chemical reaction resulting in gas production.Looking at the chemical formula,what gas do you think is formed? Summarize the chemical reaction that occurs in a cake batter that contains NaHCO3 and vinegar or acetic acid (produces acetate when ionized: CH3COO- + H+).What would happen to your cake if you didn't use enough baking soda? What would happen if you forgot to acidify your batter with vinegar or a similar food acid?

Accepted Answer

CO₂ gas is formed.NaHCO₃ + CH₃COO

Question 18

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol. 
B)  parathormone. 
C)  thymosin. 
D)  somatotropin. 
E)  aldosterone. 
A)  cortisol. 
B)  parathormone. 
C)  thymosin. 
D)  somatotropin. 
E)  aldosterone.

Question 19

The most important factor affecting the pH of plasma is the concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid. 
B)  ketone bodies. 
C)  organic acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  hydrochloric acid. 
A)  lactic acid. 
B)  ketone bodies. 
C)  organic acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  hydrochloric acid.

Question 20

The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is ________ mOsM.

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 
B)  100 
C)  300 
D)  900 
E)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  1200 
B)  100 
C)  300 
D)  900 
E)  None of these answers are correct.

Exam 20: Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Water gain during a day comes from either ________ or ________.How is water lost during a day?

The hormone that regulates water excretion by the kidneys

What are oropharynx receptors,which hormone do they suppress,and how is it known that they exist? If a person stranded on a desert island drank seawater to try to quench his thirst,how would this affect the oropharynx receptors?

The RAAS pathway begins with

Decreased ECF volume causes

The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are

Cell volume (and therefore cell function)in most cells is dependent upon careful regulation of

Which of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?

Juxtaglomerular cells in the nephron secrete

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be?

When a body is dehydrated,water in the urinary bladder

The ________ cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.

A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in

Prolonged vomiting of the stomach's contents can result in

The cellular mechanisms for renal handling of H+ and HCO3- involve several membrane transporters; name three.

The hormone that directly controls water excretion by the kidneys is

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is

The most important factor affecting the pH of plasma is the concentration of

The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is ________ mOsM.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Water gain during a day comes from either or .How is water lost during a day?

The cellular mechanisms for renal handling of H⁺ and HCO₃^- involve several membrane transporters; name three.