Question 1

What effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the amount of potassium in the urine 
B)  a decrease in the amount of potassium in the urine 
C)  no effect on the amount of potassium in the urine 
A)  an increase in the amount of potassium in the urine 
B)  a decrease in the amount of potassium in the urine 
C)  no effect on the amount of potassium in the urine

Question 2

Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated.If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia,you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  the potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal. 
B)  the membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative. 
C)  the skeletal muscles to be unresponsive and cardiac arrest could occur. 
D)  muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal. 
B)  the membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative. 
C)  the skeletal muscles to be unresponsive and cardiac arrest could occur. 
D)  muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

What three stimuli control vasopressin secretion? The most potent stimulus for vasopressin release is ________.

Accepted Answer

1.plasma osmolarity

Question 4

Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity.How do they maintain normal cell volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity. 
B)  They synthesize water molecules through increased metabolism to offset volume loss. 
C)  They maintain a water-impermeable membrane. 
D)  They add or remove aquaporins as needed. 
A)  They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity. 
B)  They synthesize water molecules through increased metabolism to offset volume loss. 
C)  They maintain a water-impermeable membrane. 
D)  They add or remove aquaporins as needed.

Question 5

In response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body,you would expect to observe

Accepted Answer

A)  increased alveolar ventilation only. 
B)  decreased blood pressure only. 
C)  decreased heart rate only. 
D)  decreased blood pH only. 
E)  increased alveolar ventilation and decreased blood pH. 
A)  increased alveolar ventilation only. 
B)  decreased blood pressure only. 
C)  decreased heart rate only. 
D)  decreased blood pH only. 
E)  increased alveolar ventilation and decreased blood pH.

Question 6

The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is

Accepted Answer

A)  to buffer stomach acid. 
B)  to buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C)  the prevention of pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. 
D)  to buffer the urine. 
E)  to increase the amount of carbonic acid during ventilation. 
A)  to buffer stomach acid. 
B)  to buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C)  the prevention of pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. 
D)  to buffer the urine. 
E)  to increase the amount of carbonic acid during ventilation.

Question 7

When baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies register increased blood pressure,this results in

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of ADH. 
B)  inhibition of ADH secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst. 
A)  secretion of ADH. 
B)  inhibition of ADH secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst.

Question 8

A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood. 
B)  promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C)  helps decrease blood volume. 
D)  increases the concentration of sodium in urine. 
E)  functions in pH regulation. 
A)  is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood. 
B)  promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C)  helps decrease blood volume. 
D)  increases the concentration of sodium in urine. 
E)  functions in pH regulation.

Question 10

The primary route for water loss from the body is the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory 
B)  urinary 
C)  digestive 
D)  integumentary 
E)  cardiovascular 
A)  respiratory 
B)  urinary 
C)  digestive 
D)  integumentary 
E)  cardiovascular

Question 11

Excess potassium ions are eliminated from the body by the

Accepted Answer

A)  sweat glands. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  liver. 
D)  digestive system. 
E)  spleen. 
A)  sweat glands. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  liver. 
D)  digestive system. 
E)  spleen.

Question 12

The principal ions in the ECF are ________.

Accepted Answer

sodium,chl

Question 13

The normal pH range for most body fluids is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal pH range for most body...

Question 14

Kidneys respond relatively ________ to changes in blood volume.

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly 
B)  quickly 
A)  slowly 
B)  quickly

Question 15

A(n)________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its dissociation products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)________ consists of a combination of a...

Question 16

Diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances,including acidosis.The pH imbalance is due to ketoacidosis,which results from excessive accumulation of by-products of fat metabolism,as the body cannot meet energy needs from carbohydrate metabolism.Sally is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not taking her insulin.Her body is beginning to develop ketoacidosis as a result.Create a chart to indicate and explain how her blood pH,HCO3-,and PCO2 react,by indicating "increase," "decrease," or "no change."
1.ketoacidosis has just developed
2.respiratory compensation occurs
3.renal compensation occurs

Accepted Answer

1.pH decreases by definition,HCO₃^- decreas

Question 17

How do kidneys alter urine concentration?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys alter urine concentrat

Question 18

When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines,

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidneys excrete more sodium ions. 
B)  the kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  the kidneys reabsorb more potassium ions. 
D)  the pH of the urine increases. 
E)  the kidneys reabsorb less water. 
A)  the kidneys excrete more sodium ions. 
B)  the kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  the kidneys reabsorb more potassium ions. 
D)  the pH of the urine increases. 
E)  the kidneys reabsorb less water.

Question 19

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates thirst only. 
B)  causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body only. 
C)  causes the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. 
D)  stimulates thirst and causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body. 
E)  stimulates thirst, causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body, and causes the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. 
A)  stimulates thirst only. 
B)  causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body only. 
C)  causes the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. 
D)  stimulates thirst and causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body. 
E)  stimulates thirst, causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body, and causes the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Question 20

Osmoreceptors depolarize after they ________ in response to ________ plasma osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A)  shrink, decreased 
B)  shrink, increased 
C)  swell, decreased 
D)  swell, increased 
A)  shrink, decreased 
B)  shrink, increased 
C)  swell, decreased 
D)  swell, increased

Exam 20: Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

What effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?

Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated.If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia,you would expect

What three stimuli control vasopressin secretion? The most potent stimulus for vasopressin release is ________.

Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity.How do they maintain normal cell volume?

In response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body,you would expect to observe

The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is

When baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies register increased blood pressure,this results in

A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

Aldosterone

The primary route for water loss from the body is the ________ system.

Excess potassium ions are eliminated from the body by the

The principal ions in the ECF are ________.

The normal pH range for most body fluids is ________.

Kidneys respond relatively ________ to changes in blood volume.

A(n)________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its dissociation products.

How do kidneys alter urine concentration?

When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines,

Angiotensin II

Osmoreceptors depolarize after they ________ in response to ________ plasma osmolarity.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Osmoreceptors depolarize after they in response to plasma osmolarity.