Exam 19: The Kidneys

Ions directly regulated by the kidney include all EXCEPT which of the following?

After it is formed,urine is temporarily stored in the ________.

You are a physiologist on a space flight to a distant planet.You discover intelligent humanoid aliens inhabiting the planet,and they willingly submit to your tests.You discover that the alien's kidney handles the sugar alcohol mannitol just like our kidneys handle inulin.You also test the alien for its renal handling of glucose.The data from that experiment are: Plasma level (constant over 24 hrs): 6 g/dL of mannitol and 2 g/dL of glucose; 24 hr.urine sample: volume of 2 L,containing 144 g mannitol and 52 g glucose. A.What is the alien's glomerular filtration rate? B.What is the alien's clearance rate for glucose? C.How does the alien kidney handle glucose?

Which is NOT a kidney filtration barrier?

The process of filtration in the kidney is most accurately described as

A glomerulus is

Sylvia is suffering from severe edema in her arms and legs.Her physician prescribes a diuretic (a substance that will increase the volume of urine produced).Why might this help to alleviate Sylvia's problem?

Ruby is 77 years old and can no longer control her urination.What changed in the reflex pathway that used to control her urination?

The amount of plasma that filters into the nephrons is approximately ________ of the total volume.

Technically,the kidneys are located

The nephron begins with a hollow,ball-like structure called ________.

Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following.Identify the exception.

The typical pattern for molecules absorbed by Na⁺-dependent transport involves this: an apical ________ and a basolateral ________.

In the lumen of the proximal tubule,Na⁺ concentration ________ the Na⁺ concentration inside the cells of the tubule wall.

A professor gave the following analogy of kidney function to his freshman biology class: "Imagine your desk is a disorganized mess,containing things worth keeping and things you should throw out.Instead of picking through each item one by one and considering if it is to keep or toss,you sweep your arm across your desktop in one smooth motion,knocking the entire contents of the desk into your large trash can.Then you pull the items you want to keep out of the trash can and place them back on your desk." In what ways is this analogy accurate? In what ways is it inaccurate? Some students in his class argue that the kidneys are inefficient and poorly designed.How should the professor respond? What modern medical device may he cite in his response?

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the nephron lumen to the blood

The ________ lie between and around the glomerular capillaries.

Reabsorption involves what two methods of transport? Describe each.What determines which route a solute will take?

Eighty percent of the nephrons in a kidney are contained within the ________,but the other 20%,called the ________ nephrons,dip down into the ________.

Place the following blood vessels that carry blood to and within the kidney in the order in which blood passes through them. 1)afferent arteriole 2)efferent arteriole 3)glomerulus 4)peritubular capillary