Question 1

Activation energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  the energy lost or gained in a reaction. 
B)  the energy required for an endergonic reaction. 
C)  the energy required to bring molecules into a position where they can interact. 
D)  required to convert an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction. 
A)  the energy lost or gained in a reaction. 
B)  the energy required for an endergonic reaction. 
C)  the energy required to bring molecules into a position where they can interact. 
D)  required to convert an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

Question 2

The TAC sequence of DNA is the ________ of a coding sequence that is preceded by the ________ that regulates transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  start, promoter region 
B)  start, intron 
C)  stop, promoter region 
D)  stop, intron 
A)  start, promoter region 
B)  start, intron 
C)  stop, promoter region 
D)  stop, intron

Question 3

Carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid.The change in pH as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a particular pH.In your physiology lab,you perform this experiment in two beakers containing room-temperature water and indicator,labeled as A and B.CO2 is bubbled into solutions A and B from a pressurized tank for 10 seconds.A stopwatch was used to measure how long it took for the solutions to change color.The data below were generated by the students.
   Write the chemical equation for this reaction.Determine average values for each beaker.Explain how the reaction times differed.What may be present in beaker B that is absent from beaker A?

Accepted Answer

CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ → H⁺ + HCO₃^- Average time for

Question 4

Increasing ________ will decrease the amount of mRNA transcript within a cell for a constitutively active gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribonuclease activity only 
B)  RNA polymerase activity only 
C)  siRNA concentration only 
D)  ribonuclease activity and siRNA concentration only 
E)  ribonuclease activity, RNA polymerase activity and siRNA concentration 
A)  ribonuclease activity only 
B)  RNA polymerase activity only 
C)  siRNA concentration only 
D)  ribonuclease activity and siRNA concentration only 
E)  ribonuclease activity, RNA polymerase activity and siRNA concentration

Question 5

Chemical reactions that require an input of energy are said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemical reactions that require an input of...

Question 6

The activity of an enzyme is changed by environmental factors such as temperature or pH; these factors are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  specificity. 
B)  common bond. 
C)  modulators. 
D)  isozyme. 
E)  product. 
A)  specificity. 
B)  common bond. 
C)  modulators. 
D)  isozyme. 
E)  product.

Question 7

Explain how these statements differ,and identify which one(s)is/are correct.Explain what is wrong with each incorrect statement.Explain when chemical reactions continue and when they stop.
A.A chemical reaction proceeds until the enzyme molecules are all consumed.
B.A chemical reaction proceeds until the substrate molecules are all consumed.
C.A chemical reaction proceeds until equilibrium is established.
D.A chemical reaction proceeds until all the product molecules are removed.

Accepted Answer

B and C are correct as written,but B req

Question 8

Inside the matrix of the mitochondria,pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A)  is converted to acetyl CoA which requires energy from an NADH. 
B)  gains a carbon in its conversion to acetyl CoA. 
C)  requires the vitamin pantothenic acid for its conversion to acetyl CoA. 
D)  is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions. 
A)  is converted to acetyl CoA which requires energy from an NADH. 
B)  gains a carbon in its conversion to acetyl CoA. 
C)  requires the vitamin pantothenic acid for its conversion to acetyl CoA. 
D)  is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions.

Question 9

Some diseases,such as phenylketonuria,classical hemophilia,cystic fibrosis,and muscular dystrophy are a result of enzyme malfunction.Each of these diseases is inherited.Explain how there might be a relationship among these observations.

Accepted Answer

Inheritance is determined by the message

Question 10

Chemical reactions in a living system function to

Accepted Answer

A)  only transfer energy from one molecule to another. 
B)  create new energy. 
C)  only use energy stored in a molecule. 
D)  transfer energy from one molecule to another or use energy stored in a molecule. 
A)  only transfer energy from one molecule to another. 
B)  create new energy. 
C)  only use energy stored in a molecule. 
D)  transfer energy from one molecule to another or use energy stored in a molecule.

Question 11

To activate a regulated gene,the formation of mRNA is ________ by the binding of ________ to the promoter.

Accepted Answer

A)  repressed, transcription factors 
B)  repressed, translation factors 
C)  induced, transcription factors 
D)  induced, translation factors 
A)  repressed, transcription factors 
B)  repressed, translation factors 
C)  induced, transcription factors 
D)  induced, translation factors

Question 12

The process of forming mRNA is called

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  ribolation. 
E)  protein synthesis. 
A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  ribolation. 
E)  protein synthesis.

Question 13

Which of these results in a REDUCED molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of phosphate 
B)  gain of phosphate 
C)  loss of electrons 
D)  gain of electrons 
A)  loss of phosphate 
B)  gain of phosphate 
C)  loss of electrons 
D)  gain of electrons

Question 14

What is chemiosmotic theory? What is its role in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmotic theory is a model that expl

Question 15

Phosphate groups may be transferred from one molecule to another during

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis reactions only. 
B)  addition reactions only. 
C)  dehydration reactions only. 
D)  exchange reactions only. 
E)  addition and exchange reactions. 
A)  hydrolysis reactions only. 
B)  addition reactions only. 
C)  dehydration reactions only. 
D)  exchange reactions only. 
E)  addition and exchange reactions.

Question 16

Regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to ________ and activate ________,which tells the RNA polymerase ________.

Accepted Answer

DNA,promot

Question 17

Which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  oxygen 
D)  lactate 
E)  glucokinase 
A)  ATP 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  oxygen 
D)  lactate 
E)  glucokinase

Question 18

Carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid.The change in pH as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a particular pH.Following this lab in which the color of the solution was observed to change,one lab group forgot to dump the beakers at the end of the lab period.The next day would you expect the beakers to look the same as they did after being bubbled with CO2? If not,explain in terms of reversible reactions and equilibrium disturbance.

Accepted Answer

The next day,the solutions had changed b

Question 19

The ________ is the portion of the mRNA that contains the coding sequence of the gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the portion of the...

Question 20

A reversible reaction is one where

Accepted Answer

A)  there are large changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. 
B)  there are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. 
C)  there is no change in the net free energy from substrate to product. 
D)  a reaction between products is unlikely due to the high activation energy. 
A)  there are large changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. 
B)  there are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. 
C)  there is no change in the net free energy from substrate to product. 
D)  a reaction between products is unlikely due to the high activation energy.

Exam 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Activation energy is

The TAC sequence of DNA is the ________ of a coding sequence that is preceded by the ________ that regulates transcription.

Increasing ________ will decrease the amount of mRNA transcript within a cell for a constitutively active gene.

Chemical reactions that require an input of energy are said to be ________.

The activity of an enzyme is changed by environmental factors such as temperature or pH; these factors are referred to as

Inside the matrix of the mitochondria,pyruvate

Some diseases,such as phenylketonuria,classical hemophilia,cystic fibrosis,and muscular dystrophy are a result of enzyme malfunction.Each of these diseases is inherited.Explain how there might be a relationship among these observations.

Chemical reactions in a living system function to

To activate a regulated gene,the formation of mRNA is ________ by the binding of ________ to the promoter.

The process of forming mRNA is called

Which of these results in a REDUCED molecule?

What is chemiosmotic theory? What is its role in metabolism?

Phosphate groups may be transferred from one molecule to another during

Regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to ________ and activate ________,which tells the RNA polymerase ________.

Which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid cycle?

The ________ is the portion of the mRNA that contains the coding sequence of the gene.

A reversible reaction is one where

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

The TAC sequence of DNA is the of a coding sequence that is preceded by the that regulates transcription.

To activate a regulated gene,the formation of mRNA is by the binding of to the promoter.

Regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to and activate ,which tells the RNA polymerase .