Question 1

Following post-translational modification,any misfolded protein will be destroyed by

Accepted Answer

A)  ubiquitin. 
B)  chaperones. 
C)  methylation. 
D)  ribonucleases. 
A)  ubiquitin. 
B)  chaperones. 
C)  methylation. 
D)  ribonucleases.

Question 2

The ________ of glycogen from many glucose molecules is an ________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposition, endergonic 
B)  synthesis, exergonic 
C)  decomposition, exergonic 
D)  synthesis, endergonic 
A)  decomposition, endergonic 
B)  synthesis, exergonic 
C)  decomposition, exergonic 
D)  synthesis, endergonic

Question 3

For the following strand of DNA,use the table below to provide: bases for the complementary mRNA and bases for the corresponding tRNA molecules and the associated amino acids.What do you notice about the relationship between the DNA and the anticodons? What do you notice about the genetic code for proline in the peptide? How would the loss of the first G or switching that G to a T affect the structure and function of this protein?
DNA: GGC CTA CAA GCC GGA ACA GTT ACC GCG TAA CGA
mRNA:
tRNA:

Accepted Answer

mRNA: CCG GAU GUU CGG CCU UGU CAA UGG CG

Question 4

________ describes how much product is generated or substrate destroyed within a period of time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ describes how much product is generated...

Question 5

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell's ________; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm, cytoplasm 
B)  mitochondria, mitochondria 
C)  cytoplasm, mitochondria 
D)  mitochondria, cytoplasm 
A)  cytoplasm, cytoplasm 
B)  mitochondria, mitochondria 
C)  cytoplasm, mitochondria 
D)  mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 6

Candy bars are well known to supply large amounts of energy for metabolism.With all this energy trapped inside,how can the candy bar sit still on the shelf in the grocery store?

Accepted Answer

Candy bars contain large amounts of ener

Question 7

How would the lack of a required cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme's function would not be altered. 
B)  The enzyme would function more slowly. 
C)  The enzyme would function more quickly. 
D)  The enzyme would not be able to function. 
A)  The enzyme's function would not be altered. 
B)  The enzyme would function more slowly. 
C)  The enzyme would function more quickly. 
D)  The enzyme would not be able to function.

Question 8

A certain molecule that participates in more than one biochemical pathway and acts as a branch point for channeling substrate in one direction or another is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A certain molecule that participates in more...

Question 9

Ribosomes are composed of protein and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ribosomes are composed of protein and ________....

Question 10

Analysis of a single DNA strand yielded this information on amounts of some nucleotides: 43 units of cytosine and 51 units of adenine.What amounts would you expect of guanine and thymine in that strand? What amounts would you expect of all bases in the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

There is no way to determine the amounts

Question 11

Compartmentation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  pairing together isozymes that perform similar reactions. 
B)  grouping related enzymes into specific organelles. 
C)  separating substrates into chemical classes. 
D)  dividing metabolic reactions into groups for better understanding. 
A)  pairing together isozymes that perform similar reactions. 
B)  grouping related enzymes into specific organelles. 
C)  separating substrates into chemical classes. 
D)  dividing metabolic reactions into groups for better understanding.

Question 12

Based on the facts about chemical equilibria in animal systems,indicate for each summary reaction below if it is reversible or irreversible (don't worry about balancing the reactions).Explain the lack of reversibility.In what kind of system would the reaction(s)you selected as irreversible be reversible? Explain.
A.C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O
B.ADP + Pi → ATP
C.H2O + CO2 → H2CO3

Accepted Answer

Only A is irreversible in animal systems

Question 13

What happens to the oxygen that is metabolized within the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxygen is converted to CO2. 
B)  The oxygen is incorporated into organic molecules during cellular metabolism. 
C)  The oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water. 
D)  The oxygen acts as a coenzyme in the production of ATP. 
E)  The oxygen is converted to CO2 and is combined with hydrogen to form water. 
A)  The oxygen is converted to CO2. 
B)  The oxygen is incorporated into organic molecules during cellular metabolism. 
C)  The oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water. 
D)  The oxygen acts as a coenzyme in the production of ATP. 
E)  The oxygen is converted to CO2 and is combined with hydrogen to form water.

Question 14

The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  2 ATP and 2 NADH. 
B)  0 ATP and 2 NADH. 
C)  2 ATP and 0 NADH. 
D)  2 ATP and 2 FADH2. 
E)  2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2. 
A)  2 ATP and 2 NADH. 
B)  0 ATP and 2 NADH. 
C)  2 ATP and 0 NADH. 
D)  2 ATP and 2 FADH2. 
E)  2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

Question 15

Energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport system is stored as ________ by H+ ions concentrated in the ________.

Accepted Answer

potential

Question 16

Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into polypeptide chains by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes...

Question 17

Which can serve as substrates for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose only 
B)  amino acids only 
C)  fatty acids only 
D)  glucose and fatty acids only 
E)  glucose, amino acids and fatty acids 
A)  glucose only 
B)  amino acids only 
C)  fatty acids only 
D)  glucose and fatty acids only 
E)  glucose, amino acids and fatty acids

Question 18

Isozymes

Accepted Answer

A)  are enzymes with slightly different structure that catalyze the same reaction. 
B)  are enzymes with the same structure that catalyze different reactions. 
C)  are inorganic molecules that bind to and thereby activate enzymes. 
D)  are the inactive form of an enzyme. 
A)  are enzymes with slightly different structure that catalyze the same reaction. 
B)  are enzymes with the same structure that catalyze different reactions. 
C)  are inorganic molecules that bind to and thereby activate enzymes. 
D)  are the inactive form of an enzyme.

Question 19

The general term that describes energy stored in chemical bonds is

Accepted Answer

A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  bioenergetics. 
C)  entropy. 
D)  kinetic energy. 
E)  potential energy. 
A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  bioenergetics. 
C)  entropy. 
D)  kinetic energy. 
E)  potential energy.

Question 20

Transcription occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  plasma membrane 
A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  plasma membrane

Exam 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Following post-translational modification,any misfolded protein will be destroyed by

The ________ of glycogen from many glucose molecules is an ________ reaction.

________ describes how much product is generated or substrate destroyed within a period of time.

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell's ________; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the ________.

Candy bars are well known to supply large amounts of energy for metabolism.With all this energy trapped inside,how can the candy bar sit still on the shelf in the grocery store?

How would the lack of a required cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

A certain molecule that participates in more than one biochemical pathway and acts as a branch point for channeling substrate in one direction or another is called a ________.

Ribosomes are composed of protein and ________.

Analysis of a single DNA strand yielded this information on amounts of some nucleotides: 43 units of cytosine and 51 units of adenine.What amounts would you expect of guanine and thymine in that strand? What amounts would you expect of all bases in the complementary strand?

Compartmentation refers to

What happens to the oxygen that is metabolized within the mitochondria?

The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is

Energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport system is stored as ________ by H+ ions concentrated in the ________.

Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into polypeptide chains by ________.

Which can serve as substrates for ATP production?

Isozymes

The general term that describes energy stored in chemical bonds is

Transcription occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

The of glycogen from many glucose molecules is an reaction.

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell's ; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the .

Energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport system is stored as by H⁺ ions concentrated in the .