Question 1

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Klebsiella. 
D)  Enterobacter. 
A)  Streptococcus. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Klebsiella. 
D)  Enterobacter.

Question 2

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalciuria. 
B)  hypoparathyroidism. 
C)  low urine pH. 
D)  protein intake. 
A)  hypercalciuria. 
B)  hypoparathyroidism. 
C)  low urine pH. 
D)  protein intake.

Question 3

A common component of renal calculi is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  cholesterol. 
C)  creatinine. 
D)  urobilirubin. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  cholesterol. 
C)  creatinine. 
D)  urobilirubin.

Question 4

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

Accepted Answer

A)  oliguria. 
B)  renal colic. 
C)  urge incontinence. 
D)  an abdominal mass. 
A)  oliguria. 
B)  renal colic. 
C)  urge incontinence. 
D)  an abdominal mass.

Question 5

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. 
B)  immune system damage to the glomeruli. 
C)  hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. 
D)  Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus. 
A)  infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. 
B)  immune system damage to the glomeruli. 
C)  hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. 
D)  Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus.

Question 6

Risk factors for renal carcinoma include (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics. 
B)  hypotension. 
C)  cigarette smoking. 
D)  obesity. 
E)  chemicals. 
A)  genetics. 
B)  hypotension. 
C)  cigarette smoking. 
D)  obesity. 
E)  chemicals.

Question 7

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.When asked,"Why is my urine the color of coffee?",the nurse responds

Accepted Answer

A)  "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." 
B)  "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." 
C)  "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." 
D)  "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored." 
A)  "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." 
B)  "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." 
C)  "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." 
D)  "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."

Question 8

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute pyelonephritis 
B)  Hydroureter 
C)  Incontinence 
D)  Polycystic kidney disease 
A)  Acute pyelonephritis 
B)  Hydroureter 
C)  Incontinence 
D)  Polycystic kidney disease

Question 9

In addition to E.coli,a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary retention and reflux. 
B)  nephrotic syndrome. 
C)  respiratory disease. 
D)  glomerulonephritis. 
A)  urinary retention and reflux. 
B)  nephrotic syndrome. 
C)  respiratory disease. 
D)  glomerulonephritis.

Question 10

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria in the urine. 
B)  intermittent urinary colic. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  red blood cell casts in the urine. 
A)  bacteria in the urine. 
B)  intermittent urinary colic. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  red blood cell casts in the urine.

Question 11

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  sodium 
C)  glucose 
D)  protein 
A)  blood 
B)  sodium 
C)  glucose 
D)  protein

Question 12

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

Accepted Answer

A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  crescentic glomerulonephritis. 
C)  post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 
D)  chronic glomerulonephritis. 
A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  crescentic glomerulonephritis. 
C)  post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 
D)  chronic glomerulonephritis.

Question 13

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  always rapidly fatal. 
B)  caused by a streptococcal infection. 
C)  associated with supernumerary kidney. 
D)  genetically transmitted. 
A)  always rapidly fatal. 
B)  caused by a streptococcal infection. 
C)  associated with supernumerary kidney. 
D)  genetically transmitted.

Question 14

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephritic. 
B)  nephralgia. 
C)  nephrotic. 
D)  nephronitis. 
A)  nephritic. 
B)  nephralgia. 
C)  nephrotic. 
D)  nephronitis.

Question 15

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperlipidemia. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  generalized edema. 
A)  hyperlipidemia. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  generalized edema.

Question 16

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  associated infections. 
B)  associated dermatomes. 
C)  muscle tension. 
D)  anxiety. 
A)  associated infections. 
B)  associated dermatomes. 
C)  muscle tension. 
D)  anxiety.

Question 17

The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones.

Accepted Answer

A)  struvite 
B)  calcium oxalate 
C)  uric acid 
D)  cystine 
A)  struvite 
B)  calcium oxalate 
C)  uric acid 
D)  cystine

Exam 27: Intrarenal Disorders

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by

A common component of renal calculi is

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

Risk factors for renal carcinoma include (Select all that apply.)

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.When asked,"Why is my urine the color of coffee?",the nurse responds

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

In addition to E.coli,a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of

The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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