Question 1

Proto-oncogenes

Accepted Answer

A)  are the same as oncogenes. 
B)  are normal cellular genes that promote growth. 
C)  lead to abnormal tumor-suppressor genes. 
D)  result from severe mutational events. 
A)  are the same as oncogenes. 
B)  are normal cellular genes that promote growth. 
C)  lead to abnormal tumor-suppressor genes. 
D)  result from severe mutational events. B

Question 2

Tumor markers (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  are found only in the blood. 
B)  are produced by normal cells. 
C)  help determine cancer origin. 
D)  help identify progression of cancer. 
E)  include prostatic-specific antigen. 
A)  are found only in the blood. 
B)  are produced by normal cells. 
C)  help determine cancer origin. 
D)  help identify progression of cancer. 
E)  include prostatic-specific antigen. B,C,D,E

Question 3

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutant tumor-suppressor gene 
B)  Cancer-causing virus 
C)  Oncogene 
D)  Extra chromosome 
A)  Mutant tumor-suppressor gene 
B)  Cancer-causing virus 
C)  Oncogene 
D)  Extra chromosome A

Question 4

After surgery to remove a lung tumor,your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy,which will

Accepted Answer

A)  selectively kill tumor cells. 
B)  stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer. 
C)  have minimal side effects. 
D)  kill rapidly dividing cells. 
A)  selectively kill tumor cells. 
B)  stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer. 
C)  have minimal side effects. 
D)  kill rapidly dividing cells.

Question 5

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at an earlier age. 
B)  is more likely to be unilateral. 
C)  is more common than non-inherited breast cancer. 
D)  is more responsive to treatment. 
A)  occurs at an earlier age. 
B)  is more likely to be unilateral. 
C)  is more common than non-inherited breast cancer. 
D)  is more responsive to treatment.

Question 6

Characteristics of telomerase include (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  repairs the end caps of chromosomes. 
B)  contributes to cancer cell immortality. 
C)  is deficient in cancer cells. 
D)  activity allows a cell to replicate indefinitely. 
A)  repairs the end caps of chromosomes. 
B)  contributes to cancer cell immortality. 
C)  is deficient in cancer cells. 
D)  activity allows a cell to replicate indefinitely.

Question 7

Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia. 
B)  nausea. 
C)  leukocytosis. 
D)  bleeding. 
E)  infections. 
A)  anemia. 
B)  nausea. 
C)  leukocytosis. 
D)  bleeding. 
E)  infections.

Question 8

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  Rb. 
B)  P53. 
C)  DCC. 
D)  APC. 
A)  Rb. 
B)  P53. 
C)  DCC. 
D)  APC.

Question 9

Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life,and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened,and she was diagnosed with a lung mass.The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is

Accepted Answer

A)  high-fat diet. 
B)  urban pollutants. 
C)  stressful lifestyle. 
D)  cigarette smoking. 
A)  high-fat diet. 
B)  urban pollutants. 
C)  stressful lifestyle. 
D)  cigarette smoking.

Question 10

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor,your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma.Thus,the tumor

Accepted Answer

A)  is benign. 
B)  is malignant. 
C)  is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body. 
D)  has spread. 
A)  is benign. 
B)  is malignant. 
C)  is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body. 
D)  has spread.

Question 11

In general,a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure.She wants to know what that means.The correct response is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread. 
B)  It is a histologic examination of tissues to determine the degree of tumor differentiation. 
C)  It is based on exploratory surgery. 
D)  It is biochemical testing of tumor cells to determine the genetic basis of the tumor. 
A)  It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread. 
B)  It is a histologic examination of tissues to determine the degree of tumor differentiation. 
C)  It is based on exploratory surgery. 
D)  It is biochemical testing of tumor cells to determine the genetic basis of the tumor.

Question 13

Cancer grading is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor size. 
B)  local invasion. 
C)  cell differentiation. 
D)  metastasis. 
A)  tumor size. 
B)  local invasion. 
C)  cell differentiation. 
D)  metastasis.

Question 14

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers,including

Accepted Answer

A)  Burkitt lymphoma. 
B)  Hodgkin's lymphoma. 
C)  pancreatic cancer. 
D)  hepatic cancer. 
A)  Burkitt lymphoma. 
B)  Hodgkin's lymphoma. 
C)  pancreatic cancer. 
D)  hepatic cancer.

Question 15

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means.A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  tumor necrosis factor. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  calcium. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  tumor necrosis factor. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  calcium.

Question 16

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor necrosis factor. 
B)  angiogenesis. 
C)  loss of ATP production. 
D)  pain medications. 
A)  tumor necrosis factor. 
B)  angiogenesis. 
C)  loss of ATP production. 
D)  pain medications.

Question 17

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival.Which response is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Lung cancer is always fatal." 
B)  "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate." 
C)  "Lung cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early." 
D)  "Lung cancer death rate has decreased significantly, as with all other cancers." 
A)  "Lung cancer is always fatal." 
B)  "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate." 
C)  "Lung cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early." 
D)  "Lung cancer death rate has decreased significantly, as with all other cancers."

Question 18

Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer as a result of (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotherapy. 
B)  cancer cells. 
C)  cancer metastasis to bone marrow. 
D)  immunotherapy. 
E)  malnutrition. 
A)  chemotherapy. 
B)  cancer cells. 
C)  cancer metastasis to bone marrow. 
D)  immunotherapy. 
E)  malnutrition.

Question 19

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphoma. 
B)  sarcomas. 
C)  carcinomas. 
D)  adenomas. 
A)  lymphoma. 
B)  sarcomas. 
C)  carcinomas. 
D)  adenomas.

Exam 7: Neoplasia

Proto-oncogenes

Tumor markers (Select all that apply.)

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

After surgery to remove a lung tumor,your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy,which will

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

Characteristics of telomerase include (Select all that apply.)

Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all that apply.)

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life,and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened,and she was diagnosed with a lung mass.The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor,your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma.Thus,the tumor

In general,a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure.She wants to know what that means.The correct response is which of the following?

Cancer grading is based on

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers,including

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means.A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival.Which response is correct?

Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer as a result of (Select all that apply.)

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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