Question 1

The most common type of renal stone is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  struvite. 
D)  cysteine. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  struvite. 
D)  cysteine. B

Question 2

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia.This happens because

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. 
B)  albumin is excreted in the urine. 
C)  albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. 
D)  malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome. 
A)  hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. 
B)  albumin is excreted in the urine. 
C)  albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. 
D)  malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome. B

Question 3

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

Accepted Answer

A)  hematuria. 
B)  bacteriuria. 
C)  glycosuria. 
D)  proteinuria. 
A)  hematuria. 
B)  bacteriuria. 
C)  glycosuria. 
D)  proteinuria. D

Question 4

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

Accepted Answer

A)  positive family history. 
B)  dehydration. 
C)  smoking. 
D)  drinking alcohol. 
A)  positive family history. 
B)  dehydration. 
C)  smoking. 
D)  drinking alcohol.

Question 5

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. 
B)  lipids are not excreted in the urine. 
C)  body fats are catabolized. 
D)  muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy. 
A)  hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. 
B)  lipids are not excreted in the urine. 
C)  body fats are catabolized. 
D)  muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy.

Question 6

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi.The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium oxalate. 
B)  struvite. 
C)  cysteine. 
D)  uric acid crystals. 
A)  potassium oxalate. 
B)  struvite. 
C)  cysteine. 
D)  uric acid crystals.

Question 7

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks,"What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

Accepted Answer

A)  his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. 
B)  the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. 
C)  his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. 
D)  his renal tubules are full of cellular debris. 
A)  his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. 
B)  the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. 
C)  his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. 
D)  his renal tubules are full of cellular debris.

Question 8

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

Accepted Answer

A)  clot. 
B)  pelvic tumor. 
C)  neurogenic bladder. 
D)  papillary necrosis. 
A)  clot. 
B)  pelvic tumor. 
C)  neurogenic bladder. 
D)  papillary necrosis.

Question 9

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

Accepted Answer

A)  pain. 
B)  vomiting. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  oliguria. 
A)  pain. 
B)  vomiting. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  oliguria.

Question 10

Glomerular disorders include

Accepted Answer

A)  pyelonephritis. 
B)  obstructive uropathy. 
C)  interstitial cystitis. 
D)  nephrotic syndrome. 
A)  pyelonephritis. 
B)  obstructive uropathy. 
C)  interstitial cystitis. 
D)  nephrotic syndrome.

Question 11

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney stone formation. 
B)  hydronephrosis. 
C)  dilation of the urethra. 
D)  anuria. 
A)  kidney stone formation. 
B)  hydronephrosis. 
C)  dilation of the urethra. 
D)  anuria.

Question 12

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  pneumonia. 
B)  throat infection. 
C)  endocarditis. 
D)  urinary tract infection. 
A)  pneumonia. 
B)  throat infection. 
C)  endocarditis. 
D)  urinary tract infection.

Question 13

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

Accepted Answer

A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  polycystic kidney disease. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  renal insufficiency. 
A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  polycystic kidney disease. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  renal insufficiency.

Question 14

Renal stone formation is affected by (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  urine concentration. 
B)  urine PH. 
C)  metabolic/congenital conditions. 
D)  dietary intake. 
E)  potassium level. 
A)  urine concentration. 
B)  urine PH. 
C)  metabolic/congenital conditions. 
D)  dietary intake. 
E)  potassium level.

Question 15

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

Accepted Answer

A)  anuria. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  red blood cell casts in the urine. 
D)  foul-smelling urine. 
A)  anuria. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  red blood cell casts in the urine. 
D)  foul-smelling urine.

Question 16

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  urine obstruction. 
B)  systemic bacteremia. 
C)  urethral catheterization. 
D)  infection by E. coli. 
A)  urine obstruction. 
B)  systemic bacteremia. 
C)  urethral catheterization. 
D)  infection by E. coli.

Question 17

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the

Accepted Answer

A)  woman who is paraplegic. 
B)  woman who is pregnant. 
C)  man who has glomerulonephritis. 
D)  man who has chronic urinary tract infections. 
A)  woman who is paraplegic. 
B)  woman who is pregnant. 
C)  man who has glomerulonephritis. 
D)  man who has chronic urinary tract infections.

Question 18

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  renal ischemia. 
B)  bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. 
C)  an anaphylactic reaction. 
D)  an immune complex reaction. 
A)  renal ischemia. 
B)  bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. 
C)  an anaphylactic reaction. 
D)  an immune complex reaction.

Question 19

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  are mild and insidious. 
B)  can result in dehydration. 
C)  often include symptoms of lower urinary tract infection. 
D)  include fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness. 
E)  may include urosepsis. 
A)  are mild and insidious. 
B)  can result in dehydration. 
C)  often include symptoms of lower urinary tract infection. 
D)  include fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness. 
E)  may include urosepsis.

Question 20

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

Accepted Answer

A)  fever. 
B)  oliguria. 
C)  edema. 
D)  hypertension. 
A)  fever. 
B)  oliguria. 
C)  edema. 
D)  hypertension.

Exam 27: Intrarenal Disorders

The most common type of renal stone is

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia.This happens because

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi.The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks,"What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

Glomerular disorders include

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

Renal stone formation is affected by (Select all that apply.)

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis (Select all that apply.)

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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