Question 1

A patient receiving zidovudine and a protease inhibitor to manage HIV infection is found to have an undetectable viral load.This means that the

Accepted Answer

A)  dosage of both agents should be reduced. 
B)  zidovudine can be discontinued. 
C)  therapy is effective. 
D)  HIV virus has been eliminated. 
A)  dosage of both agents should be reduced. 
B)  zidovudine can be discontinued. 
C)  therapy is effective. 
D)  HIV virus has been eliminated. C

Question 2

Opportunistic infections are a hallmark of HIV and AIDS.Which infections are considered opportunistic? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Acinetobacter 
B)  Cytomegalovirus 
C)  Candida albicans 
D)  Pneumocystis carinii 
E)  Clostridium difficile 
A)  Acinetobacter 
B)  Cytomegalovirus 
C)  Candida albicans 
D)  Pneumocystis carinii 
E)  Clostridium difficile B,C,D,E

Question 3

Which type of HIV virus causes most infections in the United States and Europe?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV type 1 
B)  HIV type 2 
C)  HIV type A 
D)  HIV type B 
A)  HIV type 1 
B)  HIV type 2 
C)  HIV type A 
D)  HIV type B A

Question 4

A patient is infected with the retrovirus HIV.The patient may have contracted HIV as it was transmitted via (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  saliva. 
B)  tears. 
C)  semen. 
D)  cervical secretions. 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid. 
A)  saliva. 
B)  tears. 
C)  semen. 
D)  cervical secretions. 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 5

As of 2014,_____ individuals worldwide have been infected with HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  1 million 
C)  slightly less than 16 million 
D)  nearly 35 million 
A)  100,000 
B)  1 million 
C)  slightly less than 16 million 
D)  nearly 35 million

Question 6

Which statement about HIV testing is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any patient can be tested for HIV with or without their informed consent. 
B)  A negative HIV test ensures absence of infection. 
C)  The false-negative rate for HIV testing is zero. 
D)  Significant exposure to infected blood or body fluids requires HIV testing. 
A)  Any patient can be tested for HIV with or without their informed consent. 
B)  A negative HIV test ensures absence of infection. 
C)  The false-negative rate for HIV testing is zero. 
D)  Significant exposure to infected blood or body fluids requires HIV testing.

Question 7

HIV infection causes immunodeficiency because it

Accepted Answer

A)  directly inhibits antibody production by B cells. 
B)  causes the destruction of T-helper cells. 
C)  causes excessive production of cytotoxic T cells. 
D)  blocks the ability of macrophages to present antigens. 
A)  directly inhibits antibody production by B cells. 
B)  causes the destruction of T-helper cells. 
C)  causes excessive production of cytotoxic T cells. 
D)  blocks the ability of macrophages to present antigens.

Question 8

HIV infection of T-helper cells is facilitated by attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to

Accepted Answer

A)  CD8 proteins on suppressor cells. 
B)  reverse transcriptase. 
C)  CD4 proteins on helper cells. 
D)  the macrophage lipid bilayer. 
A)  CD8 proteins on suppressor cells. 
B)  reverse transcriptase. 
C)  CD4 proteins on helper cells. 
D)  the macrophage lipid bilayer.

Question 9

The immune system disorder associated with HIV is

Accepted Answer

A)  an overactive B-cell system. 
B)  proliferation of immature WBCs (blasts). 
C)  deficiency of T-helper lymphocytes. 
D)  cancerous growth of lymph tissue. 
A)  an overactive B-cell system. 
B)  proliferation of immature WBCs (blasts). 
C)  deficiency of T-helper lymphocytes. 
D)  cancerous growth of lymph tissue.

Question 10

A patient presents to the clinic with flulike symptoms and a rash.The nurse knows that the type of rash associated with HIV may include (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  maculopapular. 
B)  vesicular. 
C)  impetigo. 
D)  urticarial. 
E)  psoriasis. 
A)  maculopapular. 
B)  vesicular. 
C)  impetigo. 
D)  urticarial. 
E)  psoriasis.

Question 11

Which drugs are used for the management of HIV? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B)  DNA polymerase inhibitors 
C)  Protease inhibitors 
D)  Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
E)  CD4 analogs 
A)  Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B)  DNA polymerase inhibitors 
C)  Protease inhibitors 
D)  Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
E)  CD4 analogs

Question 12

An effective HIV vaccine is difficult to produce,primarily because

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV is not immunogenic. 
B)  B cells are unable to produce antibodies against HIV. 
C)  HIV mutates frequently. 
D)  reverse transcriptase cleaves to the vaccine. 
A)  HIV is not immunogenic. 
B)  B cells are unable to produce antibodies against HIV. 
C)  HIV mutates frequently. 
D)  reverse transcriptase cleaves to the vaccine.

Question 13

Which statement best describes the etiologic development and transmission of AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  AIDS is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted through body fluids. 
B)  The mechanism of AIDS transmission is unknown; therefore, AIDS is considered to be highly contagious. 
C)  AIDS is an autoimmune disease triggered by a homosexual lifestyle. 
D)  AIDS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted only by sexual contact. 
A)  AIDS is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted through body fluids. 
B)  The mechanism of AIDS transmission is unknown; therefore, AIDS is considered to be highly contagious. 
C)  AIDS is an autoimmune disease triggered by a homosexual lifestyle. 
D)  AIDS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted only by sexual contact.

Question 14

Which HIV-positive patient should be given a diagnosis of AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  One who has a CD4 count of 300/µL 
B)  One who has neuropathy 
C)  One who has Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  One who has genital herpes 
A)  One who has a CD4 count of 300/µL 
B)  One who has neuropathy 
C)  One who has Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  One who has genital herpes

Question 15

HIV replicates very quickly from the onset of infection.What is the major site of HIV replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaginal mucosa 
B)  Anal mucosa 
C)  GI tract 
D)  Respiratory tract 
A)  Vaginal mucosa 
B)  Anal mucosa 
C)  GI tract 
D)  Respiratory tract

Question 16

Cleaning dirty needles prior to use helps prevent the spread of HIV.When using bleach,the user must rinse out all the blood first and then fill the needle and syringe with full-strength bleach three times for 10 to 20 seconds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The clinical latency period after HIV infection is a time when no

Accepted Answer

A)  viral replication occurs. 
B)  decline in CD4 lymphocytes occurs. 
C)  virus is detectable in the blood. 
D)  significant symptoms of immunodeficiency occur. 
A)  viral replication occurs. 
B)  decline in CD4 lymphocytes occurs. 
C)  virus is detectable in the blood. 
D)  significant symptoms of immunodeficiency occur.

Question 18

The HIV nurse educator teaches a newly diagnosed patient about HIV.The nurse educator tells the patient that in the United States,those at greatest risk of HIV infection include (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  infants born to infected fathers. 
B)  heterosexual women. 
C)  homosexual men. 
D)  restaurant workers. 
E)  men over age 50. 
A)  infants born to infected fathers. 
B)  heterosexual women. 
C)  homosexual men. 
D)  restaurant workers. 
E)  men over age 50.

Question 19

An HIV-positive patient is hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness,dyspnea,weight loss,and low-grade fever.A biopsy of lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.This diagnosis means that the patient

Accepted Answer

A)  has AIDS. 
B)  has less than 2 years to live. 
C)  cannot be treated. 
D)  was an intravenous drug abuser. 
A)  has AIDS. 
B)  has less than 2 years to live. 
C)  cannot be treated. 
D)  was an intravenous drug abuser.

Question 20

In which type of cells is the CD4 found? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  Microglial cells 
C)  Retinal cells 
D)  Cervical cells 
E)  Pacemaker cells 
A)  T cells 
B)  Microglial cells 
C)  Retinal cells 
D)  Cervical cells 
E)  Pacemaker cells

Exam 12: HIV Disease and Aids

A patient receiving zidovudine and a protease inhibitor to manage HIV infection is found to have an undetectable viral load.This means that the

Opportunistic infections are a hallmark of HIV and AIDS.Which infections are considered opportunistic? (Select all that apply.)

Which type of HIV virus causes most infections in the United States and Europe?

A patient is infected with the retrovirus HIV.The patient may have contracted HIV as it was transmitted via (Select all that apply.)

As of 2014,_____ individuals worldwide have been infected with HIV infection.

Which statement about HIV testing is correct?

HIV infection causes immunodeficiency because it

HIV infection of T-helper cells is facilitated by attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to

The immune system disorder associated with HIV is

A patient presents to the clinic with flulike symptoms and a rash.The nurse knows that the type of rash associated with HIV may include (Select all that apply.)

Which drugs are used for the management of HIV? (Select all that apply.)

An effective HIV vaccine is difficult to produce,primarily because

Which statement best describes the etiologic development and transmission of AIDS?

Which HIV-positive patient should be given a diagnosis of AIDS?

HIV replicates very quickly from the onset of infection.What is the major site of HIV replication?

Cleaning dirty needles prior to use helps prevent the spread of HIV.When using bleach,the user must rinse out all the blood first and then fill the needle and syringe with full-strength bleach three times for 10 to 20 seconds.

The clinical latency period after HIV infection is a time when no

The HIV nurse educator teaches a newly diagnosed patient about HIV.The nurse educator tells the patient that in the United States,those at greatest risk of HIV infection include (Select all that apply.)

An HIV-positive patient is hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness,dyspnea,weight loss,and low-grade fever.A biopsy of lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.This diagnosis means that the patient

In which type of cells is the CD4 found? (Select all that apply.)

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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