Question 1

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased carbonic acid. 
B)  hypokalemia. 
C)  increased neuromuscular excitability. 
D)  increased pH. 
A)  increased carbonic acid. 
B)  hypokalemia. 
C)  increased neuromuscular excitability. 
D)  increased pH. A

Question 2

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. B

Question 3

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36. 
B)  pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 28. 
C)  pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26. 
D)  pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24. 
A)  pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36. 
B)  pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 28. 
C)  pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26. 
D)  pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24. A

Question 4

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis,the blood pH is

Accepted Answer

A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  in the normal range. 
D)  either high or low, depending on the type of compensation. 
A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  in the normal range. 
D)  either high or low, depending on the type of compensation.

Question 5

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyponatremia. 
C)  hyperkalemia. 
D)  hypokalemia. 
A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyponatremia. 
C)  hyperkalemia. 
D)  hypokalemia.

Question 6

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  massive blood transfusion. 
C)  tissue hypoxia. 
D)  hypoventilation. 
A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  massive blood transfusion. 
C)  tissue hypoxia. 
D)  hypoventilation.

Question 7

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  mixed acid-base imbalance. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  mixed acid-base imbalance.

Question 8

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  phosphate. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  phosphate.

Question 9

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased pH, increased HCO₃-. 
B)  increased pH, decreased HCO₃-. 
C)  decreased pH, increased HCO₃-. 
D)  decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-. 
A)  increased pH, increased HCO₃-. 
B)  increased pH, decreased HCO₃-. 
C)  decreased pH, increased HCO₃-. 
D)  decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-.

Question 10

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic 
B)  Carbonic 
C)  Bicarbonate 
D)  Ammonia 
A)  Metabolic 
B)  Carbonic 
C)  Bicarbonate 
D)  Ammonia

Question 11

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromuscular depression. 
B)  anxiety acidosis. 
C)  numbness and tingling in the extremities. 
D)  acute compensatory metabolic acidosis. 
A)  neuromuscular depression. 
B)  anxiety acidosis. 
C)  numbness and tingling in the extremities. 
D)  acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.

Question 12

Diarrhea causes

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 13

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrointestinal 
B)  renal 
C)  cardiovascular 
D)  respiratory 
A)  gastrointestinal 
B)  renal 
C)  cardiovascular 
D)  respiratory

Question 14

A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability 
B)  Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth 
C)  Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain 
D)  Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure 
A)  Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability 
B)  Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth 
C)  Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain 
D)  Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure

Question 15

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52,PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg,HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  respiratory acidosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  mixed alkalosis. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  respiratory acidosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  mixed alkalosis.

Question 16

Emesis causes

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 17

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Accepted Answer

A)  coma. 
B)  headache. 
C)  muscle cramps. 
D)  short and shallow respirations. 
A)  coma. 
B)  headache. 
C)  muscle cramps. 
D)  short and shallow respirations.

Question 18

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

Accepted Answer

A)  is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure. 
B)  has had hypokalemia for over a week. 
C)  has had diarrhea for over a week. 
D)  has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome. 
A)  is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure. 
B)  has had hypokalemia for over a week. 
C)  has had diarrhea for over a week. 
D)  has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome.

Question 19

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal 
B)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ high, bicarbonate high 
C)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ low, bicarbonate low 
D)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal 
A)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal 
B)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ high, bicarbonate high 
C)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ low, bicarbonate low 
D)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal

Question 20

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  pneumonia. 
C)  chest muscle weakness. 
D)  pulmonary edema. 
A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  pneumonia. 
C)  chest muscle weakness. 
D)  pulmonary edema.

Exam 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis,the blood pH is

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Diarrhea causes

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52,PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg,HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Emesis causes

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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